Receptor purinergic

Transmembrane Signaling Nicotinic Receptors Purinergic System... 

Klaasse EC, Ijzerman AP, de Grip WJ, Beukers MW (2008) Internalization and desensitization of adenosine receptors. Purinergic Signal 4( 1) 21—37 Krasel C, Dammeier S, Winstel R, Brockmann J, Mischak H, Lohse MJ (2001) Phosphorylation of GRK2 by protein kinase C abolishes its inhibition by calmodulin. J Biol Chem... 

Inoue K, Tsuda M, Tozaki-Saitoh H (2007) Modification of neuropathic pain sensation through microglial ATP receptors. Purinergic Signal 3 311-316 Inoue M, Kawashima T, AUen RG, Ueda H (2003) Nodstatin and prepro-nociceptin/orphanin FQ 160-187 cause nociception through activation of Gj/o in capsaidn-sensitive and... 

Purinergic System Adenosine Receptors Sterol Transporters... 

The receptors GPR4, OGR1, and TDAG8 form a subfamily of GPCRs distantly related to purinergic and... 

Purinergic System. Figure 2 Schematic of sympathetic cotransmission. ATP and NA released from small granular vesicles (SGV) act on P2X and a-i receptors on smooth muscle, respectively. ATP acting on inotropic P2X receptors evokes excitatory junction potentials (EJPs), increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]j) and fast contraction while occupation of metabotropic ar-adrenoceptors leads to production of inositol triphosphate (IP3), increase in [Ca2+]j and slow contraction. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stored in large granular vesicles (LGV) acts after release both as a prejunctional inhibitory modulator of release of ATP and NA and as a postjunctional modulatory potentiator of the actions of ATP and NA. Soluble nucleotidases are released from nerve varicosities, and are also present as ectonucleotidases. (Reproduced from Burnstock G (2007) Neurotransmission, neuromodulation cotransmission. In Squire LR (ed) New encyclopaedia of neuroscience. Elsevier, The Netherlands (In Press), with permission from Elsevier). 

Purinergic signalling is also concerned with longterm events, such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and death associated with development and regeneration [1, 3, 4]. For example, a,(3-methylene ATP produces proliferation of glial cells, whereas adenosine inhibits proliferation. A p2y8 receptor was... 

There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of purinergic compounds in relation to both PI and P2 receptors [4]. A number of purine-related compounds have been patented. 

A purinoceptor is a cell surface receptor for the purinergic nucleotides ATP and ADP and for the purine nucleotide, adenosine. 

Schneider G, Nettekoven M. Ligand-based combinatorial design of selective purinergic receptor (A2A) antagonists using self-organizing maps. J Comb Chem 2003 5 233-7. 

Liu IS, lohn GR, Sikora A, Lee SC, Brosnan CF (2000) Modulation of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling by P2 purinergic receptors in human fetal astrocytes. 1 Neurosci 20 5292-5299... 

In the periphery, some of the primary triggers for these processes have been identified. Acetylcholine seems to be one such factor because stimulation of preganglionic nerves in vivo increases enzyme activity. However, nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists do not completely prevent this increase. The residual activation is attributed to peptides of the secretin-glucagon subgroup, including VIP and secretin both these peptides activate cAMP synthesis. Purinergic transmitters could also be involved. 

Figure 13.2 Schematic representation of a possible ATP, purinergic, synapse. The effects of ATP, synthesised intraneuronally by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation from glucose, on various neuronal ATPases, are shown together with its actions as a conventional neurotransmitter acting at postsynaptic P2 and presynaptic Pj receptors...

Stiles GL. Adenosine receptor subtypes new insights from cloning and functional studies. In Jacobson KA, Jarvis MF, eds. Purinergic Approaches in Experimental Therapeutics. New York Wiley-Liss, 1997 29-37. 

---