Proton exchange membrane fuel cells cathode catalyst

Liu, X., Chen, J., Liu, G., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., and Yi, B. (2010) Enhanced long-term durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode by employing Pt/Ti02/C catalysts. Journal of Power Sources, 195 (13), 4098-4103. 

Fuel cell applications Manganese dioxide as a new cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells [118] OMS-2 catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications [119] An improved cathode for alkaline fuel cells [120] Nanostructured manganese oxide as a cathodic catalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction in a microbial fuel cell [121] Carbon-supported tetragonal MnOOH catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media [122]... 

This survey focuses on recent developments in catalysts for phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), and the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). In PAFC, operating at 160-220°C, orthophosphoric acid is used as the electrolyte, the anode catalyst is Pt and the cathode can be a bimetallic system like Pt/Cr/Co. For this purpose, a bimetallic colloidal precursor of the composition Pt50Co30Cr20 (size 3.8 nm) was prepared by the co-reduction of the corresponding metal salts [184-186], From XRD analysis, the bimetallic particles were found alloyed in an ordered fct-structure. The elecbocatalytic performance in a standard half-cell was compared with an industrial standard catalyst (bimetallic crystallites of 5.7 nm size) manufactured by co-precipitation and subsequent annealing to 900°C. The advantage of the bimetallic colloid catalysts lies in its improved durability, which is essential for PAFC applicabons. After 22 h it was found that the potential had decayed by less than 10 mV [187],... 

Antoine, O., Bultel, Y, Ozil, P, and Durand, R. Catalyst gradient for cathode active layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Electrochimica Acta 2000 45 4493 500. 

Li, W, Wang, X., Chen, Z., Waje, M., and Yan, Y. Carbon nanotube film by filtration as cathode catalyst support for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. Langmuir 2005 21 9386-9389. 

This survey focuses on recent catalyst developments in phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), and the previously mentioned direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). A PAFC operating at 160-220 °C uses orthophosphoric acid as the electrolyte the anode catalyst is Pt and the cathode can... 

The combination of anode/electrolyte/cathode in proton exchange membrane fuel cell is usually referred to as the membrane electrode assembly (MEA).51 Usually the MEA was produced by attaching a catalyst layer (frequently Pt, Pt alloys, or other noble metals) on one side of porous gas diffusion electrodes. The catalysts... 

Create improved cathode structures and catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) at temperatures <100°C that allow a significant reduction of precious metal without loss in performance... 

The held to which the specific features of CNTs and CNFs could bring the most significant advancements is perhaps that of fuel cell electrocatalysis [125,187]. The main uses of CNTs or CNFs as catalyst support for anode or cathode catalysis in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) or proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are covered in Chapter 12. In this section we summarize the main advantages linked to the use of nanotubes or nauofibers for these applications. 

In fuel cells, well known catalyst is produced from carbon black-supported Pt particles (Pt/C) for hydrogen and oxygen redox reactions which occurs at anode and cathode but conventional Pt/C catalyst has low durability and can be easily poisoned by carbon monoxide. Electrospun Pt/ruthenium, Pt/rhodium, and Pt nanowires have been produced and compared with Pt/C showing better performance in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). 

Miao Z, Yu H, SongW, Hao L, Shao Z, Shen Q, Hon J and Yi B (2010), Characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells cold start with silica in cathode catalyst layers, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35,5552-5557. 

Chen S, Gasteiger HA, Hayakawa K, Tada T, Shao-Hom Y (2010) Platinum-alloy cathode catalyst degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells nanometer-scale compositional and morphological changes. J Electrochem Soc 157(1) A82-A97... 

Fang B, Kim JH, Kim M, Kim M, Yu JS (2009) Hierarchical nanostructured hollow spherical carbon with mesoporous shell as a unique cathode catalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11(9) 1380-1387... 

Water management is one of the critical operation issues in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Spatially varying concentrations of water in both vapor and liquid form are expected throughout the cell because of varying rates of production and transport. Water emanates from two sources the product water from the oxygen-reduction reaction in the cathode catalyst layer and the humidification water carried by the inlet streams or injected into the fuel cell. 

Olson TS, Chapman K, Atanassov P (2008) Non-platinum cathode catalyst layer composition for single membrane electrode assembly proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Power Density 183 557-563... 

Liu ZL, Gan LM, Hong L, Chen WX, Lee JY. Carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles as catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 2005 139 73-8. Colon-Mercado HR, Kim H, Popov BN. Durability study of Pt3Nil catalysts as cathode in PEM fuel cells. Electrochem Comm 2004 6 795-9. 

Figure 23.23. Platinum surface area of the cathode with TKK 46 wt% Pt/Vulcan catalyst over 10,000 potential cycles at 20 mV/s in the voltage range 0.6-1.0 V at 80 °C under humidified H2-N2 (anode-cathode) [33]. (Reprinted by permission of ECS— The Electrochemical Society, from Ferreira PJ, la O GJ, Shao-Hom Y, Morgan D, Makharia R, Kocha S, Gasteiger HA. Instability of PEC electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.)...

Khajeh-Hosseini-Dalasm N, Ahadian S, Fushinobu K et al (2011) Prediction and analysis of the cathode catalyst layer performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using artificial neural network and statistical methods. J Power Sources 196 3750-3756... 

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