Solid oxide fuel cell cathodes materials

J.R. Wilson, D.T. Schwartz, S.B. Adler, Nonlinear electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for solid oxide fuel cell cathode materials, Electrochim. Acta, 2006,51, pp.1389-1402. 

Lanthanoid manganites, such as LaMnOj, NdMnOj and GdMnOj, are of potential value in solid oxide fuel cell cathodes. However, many of these phase show thermal contraction because of the diminishing Jahn-Teller distortion of the Mtf " cations as the temperature is increased. Such effects tend to rule out these materials for real cell applications, although A- and B-site substitution, as demonstrated for PbTiOj earlier, can ameliorate the problem. 

Strontium-doped lanthanum manganite synthesis for solid oxide fuel cells cathode. Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, Vol. 12, No. 2-3, (1 April 2009), pp. (109-113), ISSN 1480-2422... 

Skinner, S.J. (2001). Recent Advances in Perovskite-type Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes. International Journal of Inorganic Materials, Vol. 3, (March 2001), pp. 113-121, ISSN 1466-6049... 

Chroneos A, Yildiz B, Tarancon A, Parfitt D, Kilner JA (2011) Oxygen diffusion in solid oxide fuel cell cathode and electrolyte materials mechanistic insights from atomistic simulations. Energ Environ Sci 4 2774... 

Fergus JW (2006) Oxide anode materials fin solid oxide fuel cells. Solid Stale Ionics 177 1529 Fleig J (2003) Solid oxide fuel cell cathodes polarization mechanisms and modeling of the electrochemical performance. Aimu Rev Mafin Res 33 361-382 Gellings PJ, Bouwmeester HIM (2000) Solid stale aspects of oxidatitm catalysis. Catal Today 58 1-53... 

Fleig, J., Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes Polarization Mechanisms and Modeling of the Electrochemical Performance. Annual Review of Materials Research, 2003. 33 p. 361 - 382. 

Zhou, W., Shao, Z., Kwak, C., and Park, H.J. (2013) Advanced cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells, in Materials for High-Temperature Fuel Cells (eds S.P. Jiang and Y. Yan), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, pp. 49-95. 

Song, H.S., Hyun, S.H., Kim, J., Lee, H-W. Moon, J. A nanocomposite material for highly durable solid oxide fuel-cell cathodes. J. Mater. Chem. 18 (2008), pp. 1087-1092. 

Skinner SJ (2001) Recent advances in Perovskite-type materials for solid oxide fuel cell cathodes. Int J Inorg Mater 3 113-121... 

Perovskites and Their Nanocomposites with Fluorite-Like Oxides as Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Cathodes and Oxygen-Conducting Membranes Mobility AND Reactivity of the Sureace/Bulk Oxygen as a Key Factor of Their Performance... 

This presentation reports some studies on the materials and catalysis for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in the author s laboratory and tries to offer some thoughts on related problems. The basic materials of SOFC are cathode, electrolyte, and anode materials, which are composed to form the membrane-electrode assembly, which then forms the unit cell for test. The cathode material is most important in the sense that most polarization is within the cathode layer. The electrolyte membrane should be as thin as possible and also posses as high an oxygen-ion conductivity as possible. The anode material should be able to deal with the carbon deposition problem especially when methane is used as the fuel. 

Although the superconducting state of this material has attracted considerable attention, the metallic state is also of interest. For instance, metallic samples are being explored for use as cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells (Section 6.10). 

The Brouwer diagram approach can be illustrated with reference to the perovskite structure oxide system BaYbvPr VC>3, which has been explored as a potential cathode material for use in solid oxide fuel cells. The parent phase... 

Mai A, HaanappelVAC, UhlenbruckS, TietzF, and Stover D. Ferrite-based perovskites as cathode materials for anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells, Part I. Variation of composition. Solid State Ionics 2006 176 1341-1350. 

In solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the cathode is the material where pure oxygen or oxygen from air is reduced through the following electrochemical reaction [1]... 

Labrincha JA, Li-Jian M, dos Santos MP, Marques FMB, and Frade JR. Evaluation of deposition techniques of cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells. Mater Res. Bull. 1993 28 101-109. 

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) consists of two electrodes anode and cathode, with a ceramic electrolyte between that transfers oxygen ions. A SOFC typically operates at a temperature between 700 and 1000 °C. at which temperature the ceramic electrolyte begins to exhibit sufficient ionic conductivity. This high operating temperature also accelerates electrochemical reactions therefore, a SOFC does not require precious metal catalysts to promote the reactions. More abundant materials such as nickel have sufficient catalytic activity to be used as SOFC electrodes. In addition, the SOFC is more fuel-flexible than other types of fuel cells, and reforming of hydrocarbon fuels can be performed inside the cell. This allows use of conventional hydrocarbon fuels in a SOFC without an external reformer. 

For some applications, such as the cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells (see Section 5.4.4), a material is needed that can conduct both ions and electrons. The strontium-doped perovskites LaMn03 (LSM), and LaCr03 (LSC) have both these properties. 

Larring, Y. and Norby, T., Spinel and perovskite functional layers between Plansee metallic interconnect (Cr-5 wt% Fe-1 wt% Y2O3) in ceramic (Lao 85Sro.i5)o.9iMn03 cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, 3251-3256 (2000). 

Mesoporous yttrium zirconium oxide or mesoporous cerium oxide anodes and a mesoporous lanthanum strontium manganate cathode constructed from nanocrystallites of these materials organized by a templating mesophase can be used in solid-oxide fuel cells. Mesoporous TiCU has a potential application in dye-sensitized solar cells. 

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) uses solid ceramic material, such as Y2O3 stabilized Zr02 (YSZ), as an electrolyte. As SOFC operates at high temperature (600-1000° C), a variety of fuels, e.g., hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, can directly be utilized. The high temperature places severe constraints on material selection and results in difficult fabrication process. Co-ZrO (or Ni-ZrO) and SrO doped LaMn03 have often been used for anode and cathode materials, respectively. 

Yu, H.C., and Fung, K.Z. 2003. Laj.jSr CuOjs.s as new cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Materials Research Bulletin 38, 231-239. 

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