Ceramic electrolytes

Kharton VV, Marques FMB, Atkinson A (2004) Transport properties of solid oxide electrolyte ceramics a brief review. Solid State Ionics 174 135-149... 

Fig. 4.31 shows Arrhenius plots for YSZ together with other candidate electrolyte ceramics illustrating how the combination of temperature and ceramic... 

Fig. 4.31 Ionic conductivities for candidate electrolyte ceramics. The arbitrary assumption that for a planar cell format a resistance of <15 gQm 2 is required places an upper limit on the permitted thickness of the electrolyte lower values of conductivity demand thinner membranes whilst higher values permit correspondingly thicker membranes. Electrolyte thicknesses greater than approximately 150/an are considered mechanically self-supporting. After B.C.H. Steele [11],...

Providing sintering of virtually poreless electrolyte ceramics at relatively low (about 0.15 GPa) CIP pressures. 

Further work in this direction is connected with lowering the sintering temperature of electrolyte ceramics accompanied by simultaneous increase of the isothermal exposure time. Lower sintering temperature can result in smaller grain sizes at the same high density of ceramics that could improve such characteristics of membranes as current density and thermal stability. 

Table 3. Vicker s hardness of glass-ceramic layers ( 100 gm) deposited onto the surface of various solid-electrolyte ceramics under conditions, identical to sealing conditions...

On the other hand, the sensitivity of solid electrolyte ceramics such as 3-A -203 or zirconia to thermal stresses can be considered to be a drawback. 

Positive electrode of the cell is theoretically a mixture of Ni and NiCl2. Na" conduction in the electrode is not enough, and the liquid salt NaAlCU conducts the Na" between the solid electrolyte ceramic surface and the reaction zone inside the positive electrode bulk during the cell operation. With this function, all chemical species in positive electrode can be utilized. 

Kaur M, Jain N, Sharma K, Bhattacharya S, Mainak Roy M, Tyagi AK, Gupta SK, Yakhmia JV (2008) Room-temperature H3S gas sensing at ppb level by single crystal In303 whiskers. Sens Actuators B 133 456-461 Kharton V, Naumovich EN, Yaremchenko AA, Marques FMB (2001) Research on the electrochemistry of oxygen ion conductors in the former Soviet Union. IV. Bismuth oxide-based ceramics. J Solid State Electrochem 5 160-187 Kharton V, Marques F, Atkinson A (2004) Transport properties of solid oxide electrolyte ceramics a brief review. Solid State Ionics 174 135-149... 

The current state-of-the-art SOFC anode-supported cells based on doped zircona ceramic electrolytes, ceramic LSM cathodes, and Ni/YSZ cermet anodes are operated in the temperature range 700-800°C with a cell area specific resistance (ASR) of about 0.5 O/cm at 750°C. Using the more active ceramic lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSFC)-based cathodes, the ASR is decreased to about 0.25 Q/cm at this temperature, which is a more favorable value regarding overall stack power density and cost-effectiveness. 

Jacob, J. and Bauri, R. (2015) One step synthesis and conductivity of alkaline and rare earth co-doped nanocrystalline Ce02 electrolytes. Ceram. Int., 41 (5A), 6299-6305. 

Kotobuki M, Kanamura K (2013) Fabrication of all-solid-state battery using Li5La3Ta20]2 ceramic electrolyte. Ceramic Intern 39 6481-6487... 

The zebra cell is a related cell that possesses much less damage potential in this respect [695]. The solid electrolyte is the same as in the Na-S battery, and the operating temperature is similar. However, the cell reaction comprises the reaction of Na with NiCl2 to Ni and NaCl, which is contained in a NaAlCU melt (open circuit voltage per cell 2.6V). If the electrolyte ceramic breaks, Na reacts with NaAlC to yield Al. The short circuit that occurs ensmres that the cell chain maintains its function even if 5% of the cell has been destroyed in this manner. 

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