Case sensitivity

Gaussian input is designed to be free-format and extremely flexible. For example, it is not case-sensitive, and keywords and options may be shortened to a unique abbreviation. 

Adverse events need to be coded consistently with respect to letter case. Problems can occur when there is discordant coding using all capital letters, all lower-case letters, or combinations thereof, as computer software will interpret these capitalization variations as different events. Letter case sensitivity can be important when two or more words are used to describe an adverse event. For example, some databases utilizing the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) coding dictionary employ a coding system in which only the first letter of the first word of an adverse event is capitalized (e.g., Atrioventricular block complete ). Failing to adhere to uniform letter case conventions across the data can result in severe errors in data analysis. 

Keep in mind that in MATLAB, variables are case sensitive. Small letter x and capital X are two different variables. 

Molybdenum is an element for which platform atomisation does not offer an advantage. Just the opposite is the case sensitivity is very poor and memory effects are very strong. The Zeeman detection limit for wall atomisation in a pyrocoated graphite tube using 100 til of reference solution is 0.03 xl (for both peak height and peak area evaluation) [709]. 

If the matrix just causes an additional signal which is the same for all analyte concentrations, the calibration results are not negatively affected. However, a change in sensitivity caused by the matrix may occur if the formation of complexes is hindered or favored by the matrix. In these cases, sensitivity changes in UVA is spectroscopy, and may change for derived techniques like CE/UV. ... 

Iododerma, which is thought to be an allergic reaction, starts with an acneiform lesion, localized in the area of the sebaceous glands, which spreads to form verrucous granulomatous lesions (61,62). After discontinuation of iodide, the skin clears over a few weeks. In addition to this typical picture of iodide sensitivity, iodide can cause urticaria and erythema and even hemorrhagic rashes. In order to verify the etiology of the skin conditions in certain cases, sensitivity testing may be required, but is not without risk. 

The mass diffusive flux m, of Equation (3.2) generally depends on the operating conditions, such as reactant concentration, temperature and pressure and on the microstructure of material (porosity, tortuosity and pore size). Well established ways of describing the diffusion phenomenon in the SOFC electrodes are through either Fick s first law [21, 34. 48, 50, 51], or the Maxwell-Stefan equation [52-55], Some authors use more complex models, like for example the dusty-gas model [56] or other models derived from this [57, 58], A comparison between the three approaches is reported by Suwanwarangkul et al. [59], who concluded that the choice of the most appropriate model is very case-sensitive, and should be selected, according to the specific case under study. 

In addition to the possibility of decreases in receptor number, a corresponding condition of upregulation can take place. In this case sensitization can occur by an increase in receptor number. For example, chronic exposure to high levels of thyroid hormone (i.e., thyroxin) can lead to an increase in myocardial P receptors with corresponding increased sensitivity to P agonists. A corresponding result could be elevated heart rate, which is often present in hyperthroidism. 

A [2 + 2] photocycloaddition with two alkenes can also be induced by photochemical electron transfer [16,17]. In such cases, sensitizers are frequently used and the reactions therefore occur under photocatalysis [18]. Under photochemical electron transfer (PET) conditions, the diene 10 yielded in an intramolecular reaction the cyclobutane 11 (Scheme 5.2) [19], such that in this reaction a 12-membered cyclic polyether is built up. The reaction starts with excitation of the sensitizer 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene (DCN) only 0.1 equivalents of the sensitizer are added to the reaction mixture. Electron transfer occurs from the substrate 10 to the excited sensitizer, leading to the radical cation I. This intermediate then undergoes cycli-zation to the radical cation of the cyclobutane (II). Electron transfer from the radical anion of the sensitizer to the intermediate II leads to the final product 11, and regenerates the sensitizer. In some cases, for example the cydodimerization of N-vinylcarbazole, the effidency is particularly high because a chain mechanism is involved [20]. 

When one deals with complex mixtures, it is often advantageous to simplify their spectra to parent peaks either by the use of low-voltage technology (2,9,10) or field ionization (11). This simplification results in additional difficulties because of the inherent loss of sensitivity. In some cases sensitivity loss can be compensated for by charging large amounts of sample, up to 10-20 mg. 

In the literature there are numerous runaway criteria with which operating ranges of high parametric sensitivity can be precalculated for known reaction kinetics [16, 59, 60]. In practice, however, these parameters are of only limited importance because they rarely take into account the peculiarities of individual cases. Sensitive reactions such as partial oxidation and partial hydrogenation are therefore generally tested in singletube reactors of the same dimensions as those in the subsequent multitubular reactor. This allows the range of parametric sensitivity to be determined directly. Recalculation of the results for other tube diameters is only possible to a limited extent due to the uncertainties in the quantification of the heat transfer parameters (see Section 10.1.2.4). 

Matlab is case sensitive (unlike VBA), so the variable x is different to X. Commands are all lower case. 

The transformation of monuron photosensitized by fulvic acids (X = 365 nm) was shown to yield the same products as direct photolysis or sensitization by hydroquinone [82]. It was concluded that in this case, sensitization was mediated by triplet energy transfer in contrast, the presence of a humic acid induced an H atom transfer and the products were different [82]. The fulvic acid example shows that long-wavelength sensitization may in specific... 

Although lacking in specificity and, in some cases sensitivity, these tests can be extremely valuable in indicating the class of compound. They may also be used as a quick confirmation of the constituents of a proprietary formulation. In order to ensure that false positives are not obtained and to check die reagents, a reference compound together with a blmk solution should be carried through the same procedure as die sample. 

As noted above, it is not easy to purify unsubstituted hydrazones. Therefore, reactions of hydrazone derivatives with iodine monofluoride have also been studied (Table 1). A-Methyl-and iV,iV-dimcthylhydrazones react more slowly than unsubstituted hydrazones with iodine monofluoride higher tempteratures are often required for their conversion into ge/w-difluorides (Table 1). The reason for this behavior is that elimination of iodomethane from the intermediates is less favorable (see Scheme 1, R = Me). The use of pure derivatives increases the yield in cases sensitive to hydrolysis (cf. entries 25 and 26). 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones only react with iodine monofluoride at temperatures above O C. The yields are generally lower than in the case of unsubslituted hydrazones, and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed from aldehydes are unreaetive. 

Figure 10 Number of publications per year in the CJACS file mentioning CHARMM, AMBER, GROMOS, ECEPP, or OPLS. The academic version of CHARMM has the last M in uppercase, whereas the spelling CHARMm is used by MSI. Database searching is not case sensitive hence the developer s name was used as part of some of the queries. The search queries for each curve were (1) charmm and (simulation or modeling) and karplus, (2) amber and (simulation or modeling) and kollman (3) biomos or gromos, (4) ecepp, and (5) opls.

Thus, the semiconductor undergoes a double-electron exchange (Eq. 2). In contrast, in the homogeneous case sensitization proceeds via two consecutive one-electron steps (Eqs. 4-6) ... 

GC-MS methods provide greater specificity and in many cases sensitivity when compared with more conventional techniques. They offer increased scope for the study of pharmacokinetics and of plasma concentration in relation to biological effect. SIM assay has been applied to the investigation of placental transfer of lipid soluble drugs and their subsequent elimination in the newborn (barbiturates, diphenylhydantoin, caffeine, pethidine and diazepam [122,408] diphenylhydantoin [411] amylobarbitone and 3 -hydroxyamylobarbitone [83,423]). 

EXACT fexf7, text2) returns TRUE if the two strings are identical, FALSE otherwise. EXACT is case-sensitive. Simple comparison of strings is not case-... 

To choose the field to sort by (sometimes called a sortkey), choose the field name from the Sort By list box (Figure 6-2) or type a reference in the input box for example, to sort by atomic symbol, you can either choose symbol (field names are not case-sensitive) or enter B 3 in the Sort By input box. Then press OK. Figure 6-3 shows a portion of the list, sorted in ascending order according to column 1. If the list is not sorted as you want it, press the Undo button or choose Undo Sort from the Edit menu. 

You can choose case-sensitive sorting, in which lowercase letters follow uppercase letters in an ascending sort (AaBbCc..., not ABC...abc...). If you choose this option, the sortkeys will also be case-sensitive. 

Find text is the text string you want to find. Within text is the string you are searching. Start number is the character at which to start searching. If start number is omitted, it is assumed to be 1. FIND is case-sensitive. 

Find text is the text to be found. Include the wildcard character in find text to match any single character or to match any sequence of characters within the source string within text. Start num is the position in within text to begin searching. SEARCH is not case-sensitive, FIND is case-sensitive. 

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