Carpet with disperse dyes, dyeing

Dyeing of Nylon Carpet with Disperse Dyes. The objective of the first trial in the pilot-scale experiments was to dye nylon carpet to the same shade five times with reuse of the dyebath [8). The carpet was tufted from Nylon 6 face yarn with a polypropylene primary backing. Both regular nylon and cationic-dyeable yarns were used in the carpet however, the two types of yarns dyed to essentially the same color with disperse dyes. The carpet surface contained both cut pile and loops. 

Dyeing of Polyester Carpet with Disperse Dyes. The second trial run was conducted on polyester carpet dyed with disperse dyes. In this series three shades in a color line—a light... 

Uses Detergent wetting agent emulsifier lubricant dispersant dyeing nylon carpets with disperse dyes lubricant and dispersant in boil-off and dyeing of syn. fabrics... 

PTT fibers and yams have bulk, resiliency, stretch-recovery, softness, hand and drape, properties which are similar to those of nylons and much better than those of PET. Such materials are inherently resistant to most stains which are acidic in nature because they not have dye sites. They also have a lower static propensity than nylons. PTT fibers are dyed with disperse dyes but at a lower temperature than PET because of the polymer s lower Tt. The combinations of these properties are attractive to carpet and textile manufacturers in some applications where PTT could replace nylon or PET. PTT also offers the potential of creating new fiber products by using the unique combinations of these properties not found in either nylon or PET alone. 

To make cut pile carpets, two strands of BCF yarns are twisted together and heat-set with steam using a Superba heat setting machine at 135-145 °C or at 175-195 °C when heat-set with super-heated steam in a Suessen. An experimental design experiment [94] showed the higher the heat set temperature, then the lower is the bulk of the final carpet, but there is an increase in the tip definition and walk performance. The tufted carpets are then dyed with disperse dyes at atmospheric boil [95] in a continuous or a batch process. PTT carpets showed excellent resiliency in walk test experiments, equivalent to a nylon and much better than both PET and polypropylene, had lower static charge of <3.5 kV, and were resistant to coffee, mustard, betadine, red acid dyes and other stains [96],... 

Table I. End-to-End Color Differences in MacAdam Units of Nylon Carpet Dyed with Disperse Dyes (8J...

Carpets. The process of making PTT BCF carpets has been described in detail (57). The extruded yarn is drawn between sets of heated godets to a draw ratio 2.8-3.5 (58,59). It is then textured with hot air at 160-220°C and at a pressure of 0.6-1.0 MPa (87-145 psi) (60). Heat-setting with steam is at 135-145°C or at 175-195°C (61) when heat-set with the less effective heat conducting superheated steam. Tufted carpets are dyed with disperse dyes at atmospheric boil (62) in a continuous or a batch process. PTT carpets show excellent resiliency equivalent to a nylon in walk tests, have lower static charge of <3.5 kV, and are resistant to coffee, mustard, betadine, red acid dyes, and other stains (63). 

Nickel also has been used as a dye site in polyolefin polymers, particularly fibers. When a nickel compound, eg, the stearate or bis(p-alkylphenol) monosulfide, is incorporated in the polyolefin melt which is subsequently extmded and processed as a fiber, it complexes with certain dyes upon solution treatment to yield bright fast-colored fibers which are useful in carpeting and other appHcations (189). Nickel stearate complexing of disperse mordant dyes has been studied (190). 

In the 1950s acid dyes were successively developed to dye nylon carpet with excellent fastness and uniform leveling. Development of polyacrylonitrile fiber stimulated the invention of anthraquinone basic dyes, modified disperse dyes in which quaternary ammonium groups are introduced. 

Hydroxy ethylated Carpet printing/dyeing acid, metal-complex dyes Cotton African prints with azoics Polyester disperse dyes Nylon acid, metal-complex dyes Acrylic fibres basic dyes... 

Recently methods were developed for computer-controlled ink-jet printing [16, 17], Production speed is still low (less than 20 m/min). On the product side, no problems arise with soluble dyes. However, disperse dyes and pigments must be very finely distributed to avoid blocking of the jets. Ink-jet processes are already well established in carpet printing (space dyeing). 

Greater success was achieved by DuPont who copolymerized, the sodium salt of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid into PET to render the polymer dyeable with cationic (basic) dyes. Basic dyeable PET was successfully launched as Dacron 64 in the form of a low-pill staple product [64]. The presence of the sulfonate groups in the polymer chain also acts as an ionic dipolar cross-link and increases the melt viscosity of the polymer quite markedly. Thus, it is possible to melt-spin polymer with IV 0.56 under normal conditions, giving a low-pill fiber variant. The fiber also has a greater affinity for disperse dyes due to the disruption of the PET structure. Continuing this theme, there are deep dye variant PET fibers, often used in PET carpet yarns, which are copolymers of PET with chain-disrupting copolymer units like polyethylene adipate. They have less crystallinity and a lower Tg. therefore, they may be dyed at the boil without the use of pressure equipment or carrier at the cost of some loss of fiber physical properties. 

Uses Leveling agent for dyeing nylon with anionic dyes coemulsifier for cationic asphalt emulsions wetting agent for dyes antistat for carpet shampoos dispersant softener lubricant stabilizer acid corrosion inhibitor intermediate Regulatory DOT nonregulated... 

Uses Detergent, dye dispersing and leveling, penetrant and retarding agent used in the textile industry rec. for dyeing nylon carpeting with premetallzed acid and acetate dyes Properties Paste Emkatex N-25 [Emkay ]... 

Bicomponent technology has been used to introduce functional and novelty effects other than stretch to nylon fibers. For instance, antistatic yams are made by spinning a conductive carbon-black polymer dispersion as a core with a sheath of nylon (188) and as a side-by-side configuration (189). At 0.1—1.0% implants, these conductive filaments give durable static resistance to nylon carpets without interfering with dye coloration. Conductive materials such as carbon black or metals as a sheath around a core of nylon interfere with color, especially light shades. 

Kuester-dye-wetting agent, dye dispersant with moderate foam for acid dyes on nylon carpet. 

Type Sodium salt of a carboxylate polyelectrolyte Dispersant for fillers used in carpet backcoatings, dyes, pigments and clays particularly effective with inorganic compounds. 

Compared with other classes of chemicals, azo d es make a relatively small contribution to the total mass of pollutants released into the environment. However, because they are hi ily coloured, contamination by these chemicals, when it occurs, is readily apparent. Moreover, in locales, where dyes are synthesized and used, thw presence in ground water and surface water may represent important pollution problems. For example, the Coosa River Basin and its tributaries in Northwest Georgia contain approximately 50% of all carpet dyeing wastewater in the United States concentrations of acid azo dyes in Coosa River Basin water samples often being present in the parts per billion to the low psirts per million level [3]. Sediment samples fix>m the same source revealed the presence of several acid azo dyes as well as several disperse azo dyes in the parts per billion to parts per million range [3]. 

Biconstituent fiber of nylon 6 with polyester microfibrils dispersed throughout the fiber matrix has been marketed under the trade name Source (Allied). The fiber is reported to have unique optical and dyeing properties and a higher strength and lower regain than nylon 6,6 and is used primarily in carpets. A sheath-core bicomponent fiber containing a nylon 6 sheath and a polyester core has been reported al so. It is said to have properties that are intermediate between both fibers. 

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