Carpet dyeing

Replacement of Phosphates with Citric Mcid in Nylon Carpet Dyeing, Information Sheet No. 2025, Pfizer Chemicals Division, New York, 1973. 

J. R. Robertson, Jr., Ph.D. dissertation. The Products of Biodegradation of Selected Carpet Dyes and Dyeing Auxiliaries, Georgia Institute of Technology, Adanta, Dec. 1973. 

The main area of application for the acid polyamide dyes of group A is in carpet dyeing, but they are also used in other areas of textile dyeing where the fastness requirements are not too stringent. A few structures are presented below to illustrate the types of azo dyes used C.I. Acid Yellow25, 18835 [6359-85-9] (31), C.I. Acid Red 42, 17070 [6245-60-9] (32), C.I. Acid Red 32, 17065 [6360-10-7] (33). 

In addition to instrumental color measurements, the dyed carpets have been examined visually by four experienced carpet dyehouse supervisors. All four agreed that both the nylon and polyester carpet dyeings were acceptable as first-quality in both color uniformity and color reproducibility. 

Table III. Color Uniformity in Polyester Carpet Dyeings with Dyebath Reuse...

Table VIII. Reduction in Materials, Energy, and Cost by Reuse of Dyebaths in Carpet Dyeing...

Anionic wetting/rewetting agent for continuous carpet dyeing, pre-sanforizing and pre-continuous fabric dyeing. 

Acid-dye leveling agent. Promotes on-tone buildup, controls barre, and migrates dye for best levelness in rapid dye cycles. Also compatibilizes acid and cationic dyes when cross-dyeing nylon blends. Recommended for all difficult nylon applications, especially automotive and carpet dyeing. 

Syrian Rue has a long history in Asia Minor, where its seeds are used to make the carpet dye known as Turkish Red. Apparently introduced many years ago into the U.S. by an aanonymous plant enthusiast who lived near Deming, New Mexico, Peganum harmala escaped from cultivation and by 1938 was found growing as far east as Pecos, Texas. Now it is officially reported from Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and California. I have even heard of it surviving Montana winters, so obviously, once started in a favorable location, it becomes a hardy desert perennial. 

Amquest [Am. Emulsions] uester-ants for textile dyeing dye stdubilizer for carpet dyeing. 

Foamgard. [Rhone-Poulenc/Textile Rubber] Nonsilicone defoamer for carpet dyeing, dye baths, paper and pulp processing, waste treatment, print pastes. 

Marlon. [Lenmar] Antifloating agent for carpet dyeing retarder, leveling agent... 

Ultrapadol. [Mfg s Chem. Supply] Polyacrylamide copolymer us in pads for carpet dyeings. 

Chem. Descrip. Silicone-based emulsion Uses Defoamer, antifoam for aq. systems, agric. formulations, carpet dyeing applies. 

Compared with other classes of chemicals, azo d es make a relatively small contribution to the total mass of pollutants released into the environment. However, because they are hi ily coloured, contamination by these chemicals, when it occurs, is readily apparent. Moreover, in locales, where dyes are synthesized and used, thw presence in ground water and surface water may represent important pollution problems. For example, the Coosa River Basin and its tributaries in Northwest Georgia contain approximately 50% of all carpet dyeing wastewater in the United States concentrations of acid azo dyes in Coosa River Basin water samples often being present in the parts per billion to the low psirts per million level [3]. Sediment samples fix>m the same source revealed the presence of several acid azo dyes as well as several disperse azo dyes in the parts per billion to parts per million range [3]. 

The advancing technology in continuous dyeing systems has created a need for dyes in liquid form, both dispersions and solutions. The dyes used in carpet dyeing, for the most part, are being supplied by the dye manufacturers as liquids. 

TABLE 23,3 Recent Advances in Continuous Carpet Dyeing Systems... 

Fig. 23.2. FUTURA 3000 jet dyeing machine for carpet dyeing. (Courtesy Gaston County Carpet Machinery Carp.)... 

Chem. Descrip. Silicone emulsion Uses Antifoam for textiles, esp. carpet dyeing Features Prethickened no additional emulsifier or thickener needed on dil. Properties 10% silicone Foam Blast 233 [Emerald Foam Control]... 

Uses Defoamer for textiles, esp. for jet dyeing, demonstrating free-rinsing props, in carpet dyeing... 

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