STATIC RESISTANCE

Bicomponent technology has been used to introduce functional and novelty effects other than stretch to nylon fibers. For instance, antistatic yams are made by spinning a conductive carbon-black polymer dispersion as a core with a sheath of nylon (188) and as a side-by-side configuration (189). At 0.1—1.0% implants, these conductive filaments give durable static resistance to nylon carpets without interfering with dye coloration. Conductive materials such as carbon black or metals as a sheath around a core of nylon interfere with color, especially light shades. 

Other important developments blasting supplies have been a " no-lag electric cap for seismic exploration , "millisecond (MS) delay electric blasting caps , " static resistant (SR) electric caps , "high temperature caps , "special oil-well detonators ,... 

Friction, static — Resistance to initial motion between two surfaces. 

Other important developments in blasting supplies have been a no-lag electric cap for seismic exploration , millisecond (MS) delay electric blasting caps , " static resistant (SR) electric caps , high temperature caps , "special oil-well detonators , "waterproof booster for exploding seismograph. sleeper charges in very deep holes , a "millisecond (MS) delay connector for delay firing of Prtmacord", " D eta prime Primers, and electric squibs for military and commercial uses (Ref 6, pp I6 87—99 also Ref 7, pp 6—7)... 

Powder samples of 10u average diameter were prepared by air jet micronization of polymeric or composite chunks. Composite materials were prepared by melt mixing of polymer and carbon black. Carbon black was added to the surface by milling the polymer powder and carbon black with glass beads for an hour, and subsequently heating the particles to tack the carbon black to the particle surface. Static resistivity measurements were performed on packed powders in a procedure similar to ASTM D257. 

GMS Usually used for short-term static resistance (less than 2 months), GMS is less efficient in POs than EA and EDA. Often used in processing operations to reduce static and dust on the product. 

The same load amplitude was employed both for the hybrid samples and the bonded-with-clearance ones. The static resistances used as reference for both the cases were calculated from the previous experiments (Gallio et al.,... 

The results obtained for the hybrid joints were not comparable with the clearance adhesive samples in terms of absolute values of the amplitude load. In fact, the hybrid joints presented higher statical resistance (of about 7000 N) than the clearance ones, so they were expected to begin to suffer the effects of fatigue cycles at higher amplitudes. Nevertheless, it was possible to compare the two cases in terms of a percentage of their static resistance. 

Figure 9. Comparison of the attained cycles to failure of hybrid joints and clearance adhesive joints at difference maximum stress amplitudes. The F ax in percentage of their total static resistance is indicated for both case.

The exploitation of adhesives with different flexibility did not provide changes in the stiffness of the hybrid systems, which seemed rather dependent on the interference. Moreover, the presence of the interference positively affected the fatigue behavior of the cylindrical joints. Hybrid joints sustained 10 fatigue cycles at load amplitudes equal to an higher percentage of then-static resistance compared to the clearance joints. 

In the application of the hybrid joint in the wheel system, it was observed that the joint geometry played a relevant role on its performances. The presence of the disc flange angle and the deformability of the rim well created zones of clearance inside the joint. The more the interference the less the quantity of adhesive penetrated inside the clearance. The extent of the bonded area strongly affected the total static resistance of the hybrid joint. On the contrary, the fatigue life of the bonded wheel seemed to be independent to its resistance to the decoupling, and to depend on the interference level to a large extent. 

Then the hybrid interference and some design aspects for practical application in (the antomotive steel wheel) have been analyzed. An experimental evaluation of the contributions of the adhesive and the interference to the resultant resistance of the hybrid joint was carried out with particular attention to the phenomena occurring at the interface level and the effect of the adhesive nature, its curing technology and its mechanical response. The outcomes of the laboratory analyses were validated in the steel wheel system. The adhesive contribution mainly affects the static resistance of the hybrid joint, and is strongly related to the type of adhesive exploited. On the other hand, the interference seems to play an important role in the fatigue behavior, especially in the wheel system. 

PTT may be used to produce fibres for carpets and industrial textiles where it has good resiliency and wearabihty of tylon, combined with the dyeability, static resistance and chemical resistance of PET [6]. As a spunbond fibre for apparel, its property set includes good stretch recovery, softness and dyeability. 

Equip workers with static-resistant clothing and nonsparking tools when necessary for handling flammable materials. 

New applieations and improved applicability of many fibres used for clothing, industrial materials and interior decoration require the provisions of new properties in areas sueh as dyeability, static resistance, current control, stain resistance, water absorption, hydrophilicity, water repellency, adhesive ability and so on. There are surface treatment methods that additionally increase the value of textile materials. The methods can be classified as chemical treatment (wet) methods and physieal treatment (dry) methods. Chemical treatment methods are most often used in actual practice. Because of the large amount of energy involved and the high consumption of water and consequently increase of pollution, these techniques are costly and not eco-fiiendly. In addition, these processes treat the fabric in bulk, something which is uimecessaiy and may adversely affect overall product performance. Problems related to toxicity and other health hazards have resulted in the replacement of chemical processing by more eco-friendly physical methods. The physical treatment processes are dry, which makes it possible to preserve certain properties intrinsic to textile materials they are likely to affect the surface of the materials. Therefore the researchers are extensively studying the possibilities of physical surface treatments as alternatives to the chemical treatments. 

From Equation 5.79, it is seen that at = 0, one obtains Z = R. Thus, the right intercept of the impedance spectrum with the real axis gives the resistivity of the circuit. The same is true for any system, which includes capacitances and resistivities at 01 = 0, the spectrum gives the total static resistivity of the system. Indeed, oi = 0 is a direct current (DC) limit. In this limit, all capacitances behave simply as a circuit break and the remaining network of resistances determines the total system resistance. 

Footware The following compound has been suggested for static-resistant shoe soles... 

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