Carbon fiber classifications

Thus in this chapter on ACF we are dealing with the overlap or intersection of two classes of carbon materials carbon fibers and active carbons. This is illustrated in the Venn diagram. Fig. 1, which is based on a classification of carbon materials recommended by lUPAC [11]. 

Fig. 1. Venn diagram illustrating where active carbon fibers lie in the classification of carbon materials.

Classification of Carbon Fibers Based on Their Precursors and Their Characteristics... 

N2 adsorption isotherms obtained for the activated carbon fibers are of type I according to the lUPAC classification [21], typical of essentially microporous samples. 

ASTM classification Unit Heat-resistant High-strength High-glass/epoxy Carbon fiber/epoxy... 

This section covers PAN, pitch and cellulose based carbon fibers, but does not include vapor grown carbon fibers, although such fibers can be spun into staple yarns and converted to chopped fiber. A classification designating the various levels of carbon fiber architecture is outlined in Figure 21.1. 

Bansal and coworkers stndied the adsorption isotherms of Cn(ll), NI (II), and Cr(IV) and Cr(VI) ions on grannlated and flbrons activated carbons from aqueous solutions. The adsorption isotherms are Type I of the BET classification, showing initially a rapid adsorption tending to be asymptotic at higher concentrations. The uptake of these cations was generally smaller in case of the fibrous activated carbons (activated carbon fibers) compared with grannlated carbons, which could not be explained on the basis of snrface area alone. In order to examine... 

Similar to the Types la and lb fibers, the Type Ic fibers consist of a thin, conductive metal layer electrodeposited upon a carbon base fiber (see Figure 5). Their manufacture is described by Morin(27) and by HaU and Ando(25). The paper by Hall and Ando provides a good overview of their properties and characteristics. Nickel plated exPAN carbon fiber are typical of the Type Ic fibers that are readily commercially available. General uses for Type Ic fibers are in ESI shielding, conductive adhesives and paints, conductive fabrics, and high performance electric contacts(2P). They are included in the Type 1 category because their conductivity is characteristically metallic. Thus, by this convention they appear in the Type 1 classification while the various other carbon fibers fall into the Type 2 category. 

There is no formal classification. However, carbon fiber yarn is sometimes judged by linear density, which is weight per unit length, or rated by number of filaments/ yarn count. Carbon fibers are rated by their measured modufus in GPa. 

One classification scheme for carbon fibers is by tensile modulus on this basis, the four classes are standard, intermediate, high, and ultrahigh moduli. Fiber diameters normally range between 4 and 10 p-m both continuous and chopped forms are available. In addition, carbon fibers are normally coated with a protective epoxy size that also improves adhesion with the polymer matrix. 

Several types of classification of biocomposites are known, though Fig. 21.32 presents the main kinds of biocomposites based on type the of the reinforcement used. The first group includes short fiber biocomposites, whisker and blade-reinforced biocomposites, for example carbon fibers, which are used for hip replacement stems or producing high-tech performance products. Continuous fiber biocomposites found their applications in military aircraft, orthopedic bone plates, etc. The last category, particulate and powder biocomposites, may be used in field of dentistry, packaging, and many other fields [2]. 

High performance concrete (HPC), 13 542 High performance fibers, 13 369-401 applications of, 13 388-392 carbon-nanotube, 13 385-386 characteristics of, 13 369 classification by types of application,... 

Manual code system, in searching patent literature, 18 223-225 Manual of Classification, 18 209 Manuals of Policies and Procedures (MAPPs), 13 688 Manufactured carbon, 4 735 Manufactured fibers, 11 165, 174-175 24 613-614, 616-618. See also Regenerated fibers Synthetic fibers olefin, 11 231-242 regenerated cellulose, 11 247 Manufactured graphite, 4 735 Manufactured products, nanotechnology and, 17 44-45 Manufactured water, 26 96 Manufacturing... 

Typical concentration range general range - 20-50 wt% with some fillers mechanical properties decrease even at low loadings (10%) calcium carbonate - 10-60 wt%, kaolin - 20-40 wt% talc - 20-40 wt% glass beads - 20-50 vol% " carbon black - 10-30 wt% glass fiber - 1-60 01% ° magnesium hydroxide - 60-65 wt% (for V-0 classification) antimony trioxide - 10 wt% (for V-0 classification)... 

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