Chemical names capitalization

Abbreviations are written in capitals and should be defined the first time that are used. The definition should be repeated in the summary for all but the most common acronyms (e.g., clinical pathology parameters). Proper names, e.g.. Valium, are capitalized, chemical names, e.g., diazepam, are not. Only the first letter of a proper noun is written in capitals, not the entire word. 

Do not capitalize chemical names or nonproprietary drug names unless they are at the beginning of a sentence or are in a title or heading. In such cases, capitalize the first letter of the English word, not the locant, stereoisomer descriptor, or positional prefix. (See Chapter 12, Names and Numbers for Chemical Compounds .)... 

Chemical names are not capitalized unless they are at the start of a sentence. (See appendix A and also table 3.1.)... 

Notice that chemical names are not proper nouns and should not be automatically capitalized. 

Do not capitalize lowercase chemical descriptors hyphenated to chemical names when they are at the beginning of a sentence. 

When the first word of a sentence is a roman chemical descriptor that is not part of a chemical name, capitalize it. 

Capitalize only the first letter in a chemical name containing complex substituents in parentheses or brackets. 

The names of chemical compounds may consist of one or more words, and they may include locants, descriptors, and syllabic portions. Locants and descriptors can be numerals, element symbols, small capital letters, Greek letters, Latin letters, italic words and letters, and combinations of these. Treat the word or syllabic portions of chemical names just like other common nouns use roman type, keep them lowercase in text, capitalize them at the beginnings of sentences and in titles, and hyphenate them only when they do not fit completely on one line. 

The formatting of chemical names is generally not important. Whereas capitalization or italicization are essentially senseless, both sub- and superscripts are helpful in name analysis, and in most cases the absence of formatting can be resolved simply by grammatical implementation. For example, Name=Struct successfully converts polycyclic names like Tricyclo[3.3.1.11,5]decane that according to nomenclature rules must be written as Tricyclo[3.3.1.11>5]decane. A good N2S engine therefore... 

Because chemical names are long and cumbersome and useful only to chemists, we do not give them. We have tried to stick to generic names, which are printed in lowercase letters and followed, when relevant, by the most common brand names, enclosed in parentheses and capitalized- Thus diazepam (Valium). 

Each element has a unique chemical name and symbol. The chemical symbol consists of one, two, or three letters the first letter is always capitalized and the remaining letter(s) are always lowercase. Why has so much effort been given to naming the elements The names and symbols of the elements are universally accepted by scientists in order to make the communication of chemical information possible. 

Chemical names—the names of chemicals are not capitalized, unless they are trade names such as Tylenol or Viagra. ... 

LSD, at best, is a chemical synthesized in a laboratory by a Ph.D., a drug presently obtainable only from a complex technology via an underground hierarchy of "dealers." It is therefore the example par excellence of a contemporary consumer-culture psychedelic. Aside from any positive effects it may produce, it is still inextricably entangled within a toxic and moribund techno-economic system. The same holds for all of the synthetic hallucinogens with capital-letter names PCP, MDMA, 2-CB, etc. 

One or more national standardization organizations and the International Organization of Standardization approve standard names. The chemical names are either according to the rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry or according to Chemical Abstracts. The so-called Chemical Abstracts Services Registry Number (CAS-RN) is a number that makes it easy to find the product or chemical in databases from Chemical Abstracts. The standard names are regarded as ordinary nouns, but the pesticide products are sold under a trade name that is treated as a proper name with a capital initial letter. We use the various names of a fungicide as an example ... 

Reflexive pronouns, 56 Regions of the country, capitalization, 87 Registry Handbook, CAS, chemical names, 413... 

Small capital letters in chemical names, 231,233, 237t, 263... 

Components of Chemical Names / 231 Capitalization of Chemical Names / 235 Punctuation in Chemical Names / 235 End-of-Line Hyphenation of Chemical Names / 239 Polymers / 241 Amino Acids / 243... 

Because of the complex, chemical names used to describe polymers, they are nearly always referred to by abbreviations. Such abbreviations take the form of a short string of capital letters each capital letter refers to a part of the common name. If the plastics material begins with poly then the first letter is P the other letter (s) are derived from the monomer unit. Names such as polystyrene and polyethylene are thus shortened to PS and PE respectively (see table 1). 

References in the text to these general classes or groups of materials is always in small capitals to differentiate them from references to specific chemicals, the names of which are given in normal roman typeface. 

Hassium - the atomic number is 108 and the chemical symbol is Hs. The name derives from the Latin Hassia for the German state of Hesse , whose former capital was Darmstadt. The element was first synthesized by German physicists at the GSI (Center for Heavy-Ion Research) Lab at Darmstadt, Germany in 1984 using the nuclear reaction ° Pb ( Fe, n) Hs. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 11 minute Hs. 

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