Polycyclic name

The formatting of chemical names is generally not important. Whereas capitalization or italicization are essentially senseless, both sub- and superscripts are helpful in name analysis, and in most cases the absence of formatting can be resolved simply by grammatical implementation. For example, Name=Struct successfully converts polycyclic names like Tricyclo[3.3.1.11,5]decane that according to nomenclature rules must be written as Tricyclo[3.3.1.11>5]decane. A good N2S engine therefore... 

In the following examples the polycyclic name reflecting conventional naming procedures is generally given first and then the new lUPAC cyclophane name derived from the associated supergraph. For a better understanding, the basic skeletons are drawn in bold print where appropriate. Current trivial or traditional names of some prototypical compounds are also shown. 

Cubane (CgHg) is the common name of a polycyclic hydrocarbon that was first synthesized in the early 1960s As its name implies its structure is that of a cube How many rings are pres ent in cubane" ... 

Names of polycyclic hydrocarbons with less than the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds are formed from a prefix dihydro-, tetrahydro-, etc., followed by the name of the corresponding unreduced hydrocarbon. The prefix perhydro- signifies full hydrogenation. For example, 1,2-dihy-dronaphthalene is... 

Radicals from Ring Systems. Univalent substituent groups derived from polycyclic hydrocarbons are named by changing the final e of the hydrocarbon name to -yl. The carbon atoms having free valences are given locants as low as possible consistent with the fixed numbering of the... 

The two most commonly applied systems for naming polycyclic parents are in some ways complementary. Fusion nomenclature provides names for structures containing the maximum number of non-cumulative double bonds von Baeyer nomenclature (Section 1.02.3.4) names fully saturated structures. Thus names for partially hydrogenated structures can be arrived at either by adding hydro prefixes to fusion names or ene , diene , etc. suffixes to von Baeyer names (see examples 29 and 30). If needed, rules are available for... 

Extension and revision of the von Baeyer system for naming polycyclic compounds (including bicyclic compounds), lUPAC recommendations for naming heterocycles 99PAC513. 

Alicyclic Hydrocarbons. These refer to cyclic analogues of aliphatic hydrocarbons and are named accordingly, using the piefix cyclo-." Their properties are similar to their open-chain aliphatic counterparts. Alicyclic hydrocarbons are subdivided into monocyclic (cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, cycloalkynes, cycloalkadienes, etc.) and polycyclic aliphatic compounds. Monocyclic aliphatic structures having more than 30 carbon atoms in the ring are known, but those containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms are more commonly found in nature [47, p. 28]. 

Hydrocarbons. In other publications the historical trend of organic pollutant concentrations, namely polychlorinated biphenys (PCBs), chlorinated pesticides DDT and metabolites DDE, DDD, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been reconstructed. For this purpose the sediments of the core sampled in the Lagoon area close to the industrial district were employed (16,17). 

Furthermore, iterative approaches are useful methods to construct polyhydroxy chains with 1,2- or 1,3-diol units of any length as chiral precursors for the synthesis of complex natural products [57] because automated synthesis becomes feasible. A preparation of trans-fused polytetrahydropyranes as structural unit for polycyclic ether biotoxines by repeated reaction sequences was recently named reiterative synthesis [58]. 

Polycyclic aromatic compounds, namely naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene derivatives are widely used as fluorescent probes in relevant biomolecules. 

Polycyclic hydrocarbons may be named in a variety of ways. These include several kinds of systematic names, recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [93-ano-l], indexing names used by Chemical Abstracts, and various trivial and other names found in the chemical literature. 

The largest contribution and variety in the family of polyenes is to be found in the group of bicyclic and polycyclic compounds. For this chapter we selected those compounds which represent the most important prototypes of different kinds of interaction, namely cyclopropyl-conjugation, spiroconjugation, hyperconjugation and homoconjugation. 

Linear and branched molecules, as well as some of the monocyclic ones, are identified only by their IUPAC names if their structure is immediately obvious. In the absence of accepted trivial or easy-to-read systematic names, larger polycyclic dienes and polyenes with rather unwieldy IUPAC names have been given numbers (4th column of the Table), which refer to the formula scheme following Table 1. 

Mirex is a white, odorless, free-flowing, crystalline, nonflammable, polycyclic compound composed entirely of carbon and chlorine. The empirical formula is C10C112, and the molecular weight 545.54 (Hyde 1972 Waters et al. 1977 Bell et al. 1978 NAS 1978 Menzie 1978 Kaiser 1978). In the United States, the common chemical name is dodecachlorooctahydro-l,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[c,systematic name is dodecachloropentacyclo 5.3.0.02-6.03 9.04 8decane. Mirex was first prepared in 1946, patented in 1955 by Allied Chemical Company, and introduced... 

Fluorene (FI) is a polycyclic aromatic compound, which received its name due to strong violet fluorescence arising from its highly conjugated planar n-electron system (Chart 2.44). 

For cycloheptatriene and a series of its derivatives various thermal unimolecular processes, namely conformational ring inversions, valence tautomerism, [1,5]-hydrogen and [l,5]-carbon shifts, are known. An example of such multiple transformations was described65 which can provide a facile approach to new polycyclic structures by a one-step effective synthesis (yields up to 83%) of the two unique ketones 156 and 157. The thermolysis of the neat ether 151 at 200 °C for 24 h gives initially the isomeric allyl vinyl... 

Dieldrin—which belongs to the 12 POPs banned by the Stockholm convention and is in the same class of other pesticides named drins, such as aldrin and endrin—possesses six aliphatic chlorine atoms on a polycyclic skeleton. The multiphasic dechlorination, in the presence of A336, isooctane, aqueous KOH, Pd/C, and hydrogen, proceeded with a different selectivity and degree of dechlorination, depending on the choice of catalyst system, and base concentration. It always required the base and was favored by the presence of A336. It produced a mixture of products derived from the subsequent removal of chlorines, up to a small percentage of monochlorinated derivative. ... 

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