Proper names

It was reahzed quite some decades ago that the amount of information accumulated by chemists can, in the long run, be made accessible to the scientific community only in electronic form in other words, it has to be stored in databases. This new field, which deals with the storage, the manipulation, and the processing of chemical information, was emerging without a proper name. In most cases, the scientists active in the field said they were working in "Chemical Information . However, as this term did not make a distinction between librarianship and the development of computer methods, some scientists said they were working in "Computer Chemistry to stress the importance they attributed to the use of the computer for processing chemical information. However, the latter term could easily be confused with Computational Chemistry, which is perceived by others to be more limited to theoretical quantum mechanical calculations. 

The polymer described in the last problem is commercially called poly (phenylene oxide), which is not a proper name for a molecule with this structure. Propose a more correct name. Use the results of the last problem to criticize or defend the following proposition The experimental data for dimer polymerization can be understood if it is assumed that one molecule of water and one molecule of monomer may split out in the condensation step. Steps involving incorporation of the monomer itself (with only water split out) also occur. 

Y, Z, E, P, T, G, and M, the prefixes for lO and above, are capitalized, as are the symbols whose unit names have been derived from proper names, eg, N for newton (Sk Isaac Newton) and Pa for pascal (Blaise Pascal) an exception is the use of L for Hter. 

Another analogous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain just one multiple bond, but, instead of being a double bond, it is a triple bond is the alkynes. The names of all the compounds end in -yne. The only compound m this series that is at all common happens to be an extremely hazardous material. It is a highly unstable (to heat, shock, and pressure), highly flammable gas that is the first compound in the series. This two-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon with a triple bond between its two carbon atoms is called ethyne, and indeed this is its proper name. It is, however, known by its common name, acetylene. 

Nature produces a tremendous amount of methyl aleohol, simply by the fermentation of wood, grass, and other materials made to some degree of eellulose. In faet, methyl aleohol is known as wood aleohol, along with names sueh as wood spirits and methanol (its proper name the proper names of all aleohols end in -ol). Methyl aleohol is a eolorless liquid with a eharaeteristie aleohol odor. It has a flash point of 54°F, and is highly toxie. It has too many eommereial uses to list here, but among them are as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol (the addition of the toxie ehemieal methyl aleohol to ethyl aleohol in order to form denatured aleohol), antifreezes, gasoline additives, and solvents. No further substitution of hydroxyl radieals is performed on methyl aleohol. 

The most widely known aleohol is ethyl aleohol, simply beeause it is the aleohol in aleoholie drinks. It is also known as grain aleohol, or by its proper name, ethanol. Ethyl aleohol is a eolorless, volatile liquid with a eharaeteristie odor and a pungent taste. It has a flash point of 55°F, is classified as a depressant drug, and is toxic when ingested in large quantities. Its molecular formula is CjHjOH. In addition to its presence in alcoholic beverages, ethyl alcohol has many industrial and medical uses, such as a solvent in many manufacturing processes, as antifreeze, antiseptics, and cosmetics. 

The substitution of one hydroxyl radical for a hydrogen atom in propane produces propyl alcohol, or propanol, which has several uses. Its molecular formula is C3H7OH. Propyl alcohol has a flash point of 77°F and, like all the alcohols, bums with a pale blue flame. More commonly known is the isomer of propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol. Since it is an isomer, it has the same molecular formula as propyl alcohol but a different structural formula. Isopropyl alcohol has a flash point of 53 F. Its ignition temperamre is 850°F, while propyl alcohol s ignition temperature is 700 F, another effect of the different stmcture. Isopropyl alcohol, or 2-propanol (its proper name) is used in the manufacture of many different chemicals, but is best known as rubbing alcohol. 

Eigen-mittel, n. (Med.) specific remedy private means, -name, m. proper name, eigenniitzig, a. selfish, eigens, adv. expressly. 

The common names of these simple alkyl groups are so well entrenched in the chemical literature that IUPAC rules make allowance for them. Thus, the following compound is properly named either 4-(l-methvlethyl)heptane or 4-iso-propylheptane. There is no choice but to memorize these common names fortunately, there are only a few of them. 

In this book, the classification of ostracods by Muller is used the genus names by the Poulsen classification are cited in parentheses only when appropriate. The author protests against the irresponsible shuffling of scientific names, and hopes for the revival of the Muller classification. In addition, the author believes that Cypridina luciferin is the proper name of this substance that is not necessarily bound to the genus name. 

Phenyl(3-a -"ethylpropionate ), 4-carboxamide] -tetrazanetll. Note a-ethylpropionate (or more correctly, in the opinion of the editor, a-ethylpropionatyl) is the proper name for the radical —CH(CH3).CCfe-C2H5, derived from a-propionic acid ethyl ester. (C6H5).N N.N[CH(CH3).C02.C2H5].NH(C0.NH2), mw 279.34, N 25.08%, crysts from aq ale, mp (melts with expln ca 125°)... 

ESTABUSHED NAME (e g. Proper name. USPAJSAN name)... 

When the two groups in disubstituted benzenes are different, the same three isomers are possible that are possible when the substituents are the same. Compounds with two different substituents are usually named as positional derivatives of a monosubstituted (parent) compound. Above, the common (and commercial) name for methylbenzene is toluene, and the chlorinated derivatives are named as shown above. However, the same two chlorinated derivatives can also be properly named 2-chloromethylbenzene and 4-chloromethylbenzene. In this case, for naming, the parent compound is methylbenzene and it is understood that the methyl group is in the 1-position. The terms ortho- (1,2-), meta- (1,3-), and para- (1,4-) are also sometimes used for example, 2-chlorotoluene can be called ortho-c Aoioio -uene. This can be very confusing, but in the chemical industry, outside of the research labs, the common names for the parent compounds are almost always used. 

C09-0007. Build the provisional Lewis structure of (0X13)3 COH, whose proper name is 2-methyl-2-propanol. 

The model shows the structural formula of a specific substituted hydrocarbon. Which of these is the proper name for this compound ... 

The enthalpies of formation of the isomeric 1-ethylbutadienes (or more properly named 1,3-hexadienes) are taken from Reference 12. 

This is the solvent and vaporization-corrected enthalpy of hydrogenation of the diene from Reference 23. There is no need in the current context for the enthalpy of formation of the hydrogenation product 2,3-di-f-butylbutane (or more properly named 2,2,3,4,5,5-hexamethylhexane), unlisted in our archives, and derived in Reference 23 by molecular mechanics. 

Consider now the 1,1,6,6-tetramethylated derivative of (Z)-l,3,5-hexatriene (83), a species more properly named (Z)-2,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene and occasionally and trivially called ds-allo-ocimene . To estimate its enthalpy of formation, let us use simple olefin additivity along with ... 

The language used will be the Queen s English or that subset of it as approved by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). Where chemical names are concerned there are some lost causes, such as caustic soda, where little would be gained if those who clean factories called this substance sodium hydroxide. Arguably, the name caustic soda conveys more useful information. Similar lost causes are spirits of wine (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) and spirits of salts (hydrochloric acid). While lipid chemists may insist on referring to triacylglycerols many people in industry continue to refer to triglycerides. Similarly trivial names for fatty acids such as lauric will continue to be used. The principle in all of this is to use the proper name but to mention other names that are in common use. 

Whose car His could mean either Ted s or Fred s. The writer needs to use a proper name instead of the pronoun in order to eliminate the possibility the reader will not understand him or her. Write instead Ted picked Fred and me up for school each morning, so we could all go together. 

Cause that which is above to be below that which is visible, to be invisible and that which is palpable, to become impalpable. Again, let that which is below become that which is above let the invisible become visible, and the impalpable, palpable. Here you see the perfection of our Art, without any defect, or diminution. But that in which death and life, destruction and resurrection dwell, is a round sphere, with which the goddess of fortune drives her chariot, and imparts the gift of wisdom to men of God. Its proper name here upon earth, and for the human understanding, is All-in-All. ... 

Proper name package label legible type... 

ORIGIN OF NAME Ununoctium (118) follows the temporary naming system of lUPAC for elements that have not yet received proper names. 

It is a general observation that, where different alkene products can arise through E2 elimination, the more-substituted alkene predominates. 2-Menthene contains a double bond with two alkyl substituents, whereas the double bond in 3-menthene has three substituents. The more-substituted alkene is termed the Saytzeff product the less-substituted alkene is termed the Hofmann product. We recommend you disregard the proper names, and think of the products in terms of more-substituted alkene and less-substituted alkene . 

Do not hyphenate two-word modifiers if one of the words is a proper name (e.g., Lewis acid catalysis). 

An important antioxidant for many products is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), more properly named 4-methyl-2,6-di-t-butylphenol. Acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution of a t-butyl cation at the activated positions ortho to the hydroxy group of /)-cresol yields this product, p-Cresol is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. 

Beyond all complications that seem to accompany the multitude of possible carbon-carbon bonds, simple familiar intuition is vindicated it is not false, after all, to consider the C(Ar)—C(Ar) bonds of benzene as a sort of average between 8/ (the double bond of ethylene) and a single CC bond, provided the latter is chosen properly namely, the conjugated sp —sp single bond, Sg, between aromatic carbons (in lieu of the CC single bond of ethane). 

Abbreviations are written in capitals and should be defined the first time that are used. The definition should be repeated in the summary for all but the most common acronyms (e.g., clinical pathology parameters). Proper names, e.g.. Valium, are capitalized, chemical names, e.g., diazepam, are not. Only the first letter of a proper noun is written in capitals, not the entire word. 

With Schure s text in hand, we might even venture to give Duchamp s two initiates their proper names, namely Aglaonice and Eurydice, in which case another sub-text of Le Buisson emerges lesbianism. According to Schure,... 

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