Proper nouns

Proper nouns. Spell check uses a dictionary that does not include most proper nouns and words in other categories, such as the names of chemicals. You can always add a word or words to the dictionary once you are sure of its spelling, but the first time, you will need to use another source (a reliable print one is best) to verify the spelling. 

The title is in sentence case, with only the first letter of the title capitalized, except words that are proper nouns, acronyms, or words that follow a colon. Here s an example ... 

The ACS Style Guide recommends title case for journal article titles (i.e., capitalizing the first letters of all major words), but the ACS journals examined use sentence case (i.e., capitalizing only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns). 

Abbreviations are written in capitals and should be defined the first time that are used. The definition should be repeated in the summary for all but the most common acronyms (e.g., clinical pathology parameters). Proper names, e.g.. Valium, are capitalized, chemical names, e.g., diazepam, are not. Only the first letter of a proper noun is written in capitals, not the entire word. 

Capitalize proper nouns and proper adjectives. If you re not sure what counts as a proper noun or a proper adjective, examples of these are listed below. 

Notice that chemical names are not proper nouns and should not be automatically capitalized. 

Most prefixes are not hyphenated. Do not hyphenate the following prefixes when added to words that are not proper nouns. 

Hyphenate prefixes to proper nouns and adjectives, and retain the capital letter. 

Generally, in text keep all words lowercase, including chemical names and terms, except proper nouns and adjectives. However, there are many exceptions. 

Use commas to separate adjectives of equal emphasis that modify the same noun. To determine if a comma should be used, see if you can insert the word and between the adjectives if the phrase still makes proper sense with the substituted and, use a comma. 

Capitalize proper nouns—the specific names of people, places, and products—and also the adjectives formed from proper nouns. 

These cases amply illustrate the importance of transliteration and particularly the necessity of a uniform transliteration scheme. Transliteration can be defined as rendition of one alphabet in letters of another. Unless there is a change-over from one alphabet to another, within the same language—e.g., Turkish, which adopted the Latin alphabet around 1920—transliteration applies only to proper nouns. 

No discussion on transliteration of a foreign alphabet is complete without mentioning how this other alphabet is treating the Latin alphabet. In the Russian language foreign words and particularly proper nouns are spelled phonetically. A name is spelled so that phonetically it will reproduce the name as closely as possible the way it sounds in the... 

One or more national standardization organizations and the International Organization of Standardization approve standard names. The chemical names are either according to the rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry or according to Chemical Abstracts. The so-called Chemical Abstracts Services Registry Number (CAS-RN) is a number that makes it easy to find the product or chemical in databases from Chemical Abstracts. The standard names are regarded as ordinary nouns, but the pesticide products are sold under a trade name that is treated as a proper name with a capital initial letter. We use the various names of a fungicide as an example ... 

AS YOU KNOW, every sentence must have at least a noun and a verb. The noun is the person, place, or thing doing the action in the sentence the verb, of course, describes that action. There are common nouns, like boy, girl, dog, city, or mountain. And there are proper nouns that describe a specific person, place, or thing, like Harry Potter, Chicago, or Mt. Rushmore. 

The suffix like . Hyphenate the suffix like to words of three or more syllables, to two-word compounds used as unit modifiers, to chemical names, and to proper nouns and adjectives. 

Chiral A geometric figure, or group of points is chiral if it is nonsuperimposable on its mirror image [82]. A chiral object lacks all of the second order (improper) symmetry elements, a mirror plane), i center of symmetry), and S rotation-reflection axis). In chemistry, the term is (properly) only applied to entire molecules, not to parts of molecules. A chiral compound may be either racemic or nonracemic. An object that has any of the second order symmetry elements i.e., that is superimposable on its mirror image) is achiral. It is inappropriate to use the adjective chiral to modify an abstract noun one cannot have a chiral opinion and one cannot execute a chiral resolution or synthesis. 

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