Greek Letter

Tray aeration factor in pressure drop equation, Eq. (6.47a). 

Factor used in the Chan and Fair tray efficiency correlation, defined by Eq. (7.25). 

Ratio of the slope of the equilibrium curve to the slope of the component balance line, defin by the Eq. (7.5). 

Parameter used in liquid entrainment calculation, defined by q. (6.28). 

Ph2o Density of liquid water at 60°F, 62.4 lb/ft3. pM Molar density, lb-mole/ft3. 

Xg fluid or gas thermal conductivity, J/m-s-K Xe effective thermal conductivity of particle, J/m-s-K 

1 Langmuir I. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. Solids. Journal of American Chemical Society 1916 38 2221-2295. 

2 Langmuir I. The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. Journal of American Chemical Society 1918 40(9) 1361-1403. 

3 Taylor HS. A theory of the catalytic surface. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1925 108A 105-111. 

4 Davis BH. Development of the science of catalysis. In Handbook of heterogeneous catalysis, 2nd ed. Eds. Ertl G, Knozinger H, Schuth F, Weitkamp J. New York Wiley 2008 Ch 1, Section 1.2 16-37. 

Geelen, H. 1981. Visbreaker uses soaker drum. Hydrocarbon Process. 60(5) 81-85. 

Al-Soufi, H.H., Savaya, Z.R, Mohammed, H.K., Al-Azawi, LA. 1988. Thermal conversion (visbreaking) of heavy Iraqi residue. Fuel 67 1714-1715. 

A study of two phase flow in inclined pipes. J. Petrol. Technol. 17 607-617. 

Benito, A.M., Martinez, M.T., Fernandez, L, Miranda, J.L. 1995. Visbreaking of an asphaltenic coal residue. Fuel 74 922-927. 

Bischoff, K.B. 1990. The Delplot technique A new method for reaction pathway analysis. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 29 313-316. 

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Throughout, the space coordinates and other vectorial quantities are written either in vector fomi x, or with Latin indices k— 1,2,3) the time it) coordinate is Ap = ct. A four vector will have Greek lettered indices, such as Xv (v = 0,1,2,3) or the partial derivatives 0v- m is the electronic mass, and e the charge. 

Ihe one-electron orbitals are commonly called basis functions and often correspond to he atomic orbitals. We will label the basis functions with the Greek letters n, v, A and a. n the case of Equation (2.144) there are K basis functions and we should therefore xpect to derive a total of K molecular orbitals (although not all of these will necessarily 3e occupied by electrons). The smallest number of basis functions for a molecular system vill be that which can just accommodate all the electrons in the molecule. More sophisti- ated calculations use more basis functions than a minimal set. At the Hartree-Fock limit he energy of the system can be reduced no further by the addition of any more basis unctions however, it may be possible to lower the energy below the Hartree-Fock limit ay using a functional form of the wavefunction that is more extensive than the single Slater determinant. 

It IS convenient to use the Greek letters a p 7 and so forth to locate the carbons m a molecule m relation to the carbonyl group The carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the a carbon atom the next one down the chain is the p carbon and so on Butanal for example has an a carbon a p carbon and a y carbon... 

Carbonyl group is reference point no Greek letter assigned to it... 

Section 18 1 Greek letters are commonly used to identify various carbons m aldehydes and ketones Using the carbonyl group as a reference the adjacent car bon IS designated a the next one p and so on as one moves down the chain Attached groups take the same Greek letter as the carbon to which they are connected... 

So basic is the notion of a statistical estimate of a physical parameter that statisticians use Greek letters for the parameters and Latin letters for the estimates. For many purposes, one uses the variance, which for the sample is s and for the entire populations is cr. The variance s of a finite sample is an unbiased estimate of cr, whereas the standard deviation 5- is not an unbiased estimate of cr. 

A bridging group should be indicated by adding the Greek letter p immediately before its names and separating this from the rest of the complex by a hyphen. The atom or atoms of the characteristic element to which the bridging atom is bonded, is indicated by numbers. 

Upper-case Greek letters are used for states, lower-case letters are used for orbitals. 

Cyclodextrins are macrocyclic compounds comprised of D-glucose bonded through 1,4-a-linkages and produced enzymatically from starch. The greek letter which proceeds the name indicates the number of glucose units incorporated in the CD (eg, a = 6, /5 = 7, 7 = 8, etc). Cyclodextrins are toroidal shaped molecules with a relatively hydrophobic internal cavity (Fig. 6). The exterior is relatively hydrophilic because of the presence of the primary and secondary hydroxyls. The primary C-6 hydroxyls are free to rotate and can partially block the CD cavity from one end. The mouth of the opposite end of the CD cavity is encircled by the C-2 and C-3 secondary hydroxyls. The restricted conformational freedom and orientation of these secondary hydroxyls is thought to be responsible for the chiral recognition inherent in these molecules (77). 

Shorthand notations have been developed to avoid repetitive systematic names of unsaturated fatty acids. Eor example, linolenic or (7j -9,i7j -12-,i7j -15-octadecatrienoic acid can be represented by 18 3(9, 12, 15 ). The Greek letter A has been used to indicate presence and position of double bonds, eg a fatty acid, but it should never be used in a systematic name. An equally inappropriate but popular designation is derived by counting... 

Fig. 2.7. Many metals are made up of /wo phases. This figure shows some of the shapes that they con hove when boundary energies dominate. To keep things simple we hove sectioned the tetrokoidecohedral grains in the way that we did in Fig. 2.6(b). Note that Greek letters ore often used to indicate phases. We hove called the major phase a and the second phase (. But y is the symbol for the energy (or tension) of groin boundaries (y J and interphose interfaces (y ).

Figure A1.19 shows the phase diagram for the copper-zinc system. It is more complicated than you have seen so far, but all the same rules apply. The Greek letters (conventionally) identify the single-phase fields. 

Greek letters are used to label the phases on phase diagrams. 

For convenience of notation we accept from here on, that each frequency of the problem co has a dimensionless counterpart denoted by a capital Greek letter, so that co,- = coofl,. The model (4.28) may be thought of as a particle in a one-dimensional cubic parabola potential coupled to the q vibration. The saddle-point coordinates, defined by dVjdQ = dVjdq = 0, are... 

The term resistance refers to the property of any object or substance to resist or oppose the flow of an electrical current. The unit of resistance is the ohm. The abbreviation for electric resistance is R and the symbol for ohms is the Greek letter omega, Q. For certain electrical calculations the reciprocal of resistance is used, 1/R, which is termed conductance, G. The unit of conductance is the mho, or ohm spelled backward, and the symbol is an inverted omega. 

Clearly, more parameters allow more freedom in representing common cause effects in svstem.s of complex redundancy. NUREG-1150 describes the Multiple Greek Letter Model (MGL), Parameter (BP) model and the Binomial Failure Rate (BFR) model. 

Each binary fork is attached to a branch of the preceding fork and is conditioned by the success or failure represented by that branch. Thus, evei7 fork, represents conditional probability. Each limb of the HRA event tree is described or labeled, in shorthand. Capital letters (A) represent I ailure lower case letters (a) represent success. The same convention applies to Greek letters, which represent non-human error events, such as equipment failures. The letters S and F are exceptions to this rule in that they represent system success and failure respectively, in practice, the limbs may be labeled with a short description of the error lo eliminate the need for a legend. The labeling format is unimportant the critical task in developing HRA event trees is the definition of the events themselves and their translation to the trees. 

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