Capillary electrophoresis, application

Electropherograms of a urine sample (8 ml) spiked with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (10 p-g/ml each) after direct CE analysis (b) and at-line SPE-CE (c). Peak identification is as follows I, ibuprofen N, naproxen K, ketoprofen P, flurbiprofen. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, 6 719, J. R. Veraait et al., At-line solid-phase exti action for capillary electrophoresis application to negatively charged solutes, pp. 199-208, copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier Science. 

Stover, F. S. (1997). Organic acids and organic ions. In "Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis Applications", (H. Shintani and J. Polonsky, Eds), pp. 550-579. Chapman and Hall, London. 

BUCHBERGER, W., Inorganic ions. In Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis Applications (H. Shintani and J. Polonsky, eds.), Blackie Academic Professional, London. 1997, pp. 531-549... 

Biomolecular MS and in particular MALDI-TOF-MS (see Sections 2.1.22 and 2.2.1) permit the routine analysis of oligonucleotides up to 70-mers, intact nucleic acids, and the direct detection of DNA products with no primer labels with an increase in analysis speed and mass accuracy especially in contrast to traditional DNA separation techniques such as slab gels or capillary electrophoresis. Applications focus on the characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short tandem repeats (STRs). Precise and accurate gene expression measurements show relative and absolute numbers of target molecules determined independently of the number of PCR cycles. DNA methylation can be studied quantitatively. 

Guzman, N. A. (2004). Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis applications of clinical and pharmaceutical relevance. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378(1), 37-39. 

Cherkaoui, S., Varesio, E., Christen, P., and Veuthey, J. L. (1998). Selectivity manipulation using nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Application to tropane alkaloids and amphetamine derivatives. Electrophoresis 19, 2900—2906. 

F Lelievre, P Gareil, A Jardy. Selectivity in capillary electrophoresis application to chiral separations with cyclodextrins. Anal Chem 69 385—392, 1997. 

J. Polonsky, Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis Applications (London ... 

C. Monnig and R. Kennedy, Anal. Chem. 66, 208R-314R (1994). Review of capillary electrophoresis applications. 

J. R. Veraart, C. Gooijer, H. Lingeman, N. H. Velthorst and U. A. Th Brinkman, At-line solid-phase extraction for capillary electrophoresis application to negatively charged solutes , 7. Chmmatogr. B 719 199-208 (1998). 

Carabias-Martinez, R., E. Rodriquez-Gonzalo, J. Dominquez-Alvarez, and J. Hemandez-Mendez (2002). Comparative study of separation and determination of triazines by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis Application to residue analysis in natural waters. Electrophoresis, 23 494—501. 

Becker, H., Lowack, K., Manz, A., Planar quartz chips with submicron channels for two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis applications.. /. Micromech. Microeng. 1998, 8, 24-28. 

A review of capillary electrophoresis applications in pharmaceutical analysis was published in 1993, and the goal of this chapter is to provide an update on the various disciplines within the technique and includes selected applications. Recent developments in the areas of capillary technology, instrumentation, and detection will be reviewed here. Useful strategies for method development involving several classes of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products will be addressed. The formats within capillary electrophoresis have evolved to such an extent that this chapter is not comprehensive in scope. Therefore, the reader will be directed to other reviews on the various aspects of capillary electrophoresis. Of particular interest to many separation scientists may be a special issue of an Applied Biosystems Newsletter, which addresses the future role of CE, method development in CE, and selected applications in the area of drug analysis and protein separations [7]. 

FMOC-Derivatized Amino Acids by Capillary Electrophoresis, Application Note 134, LPN 034822 5M 11/92. Dionex Corporation, Sunnyvale, California, 1992. 

Radioisotope detection is used widely in HPLC but has received little attention in capillary electrophoresis applications (3-61. 

Miller JM, Blackburn AC, Shi Y et al. (2002) Semi-empirical relationships between effective mobility, charge, and molecular weight of pharmaceuticals by pressure-assisted capillary electrophoresis Applications in drug discovery. Electrophoresis 23 2833-2841... 

CHEMOMETRICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN-BASED OPTIMIZATION STUDIES IN CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS APPLICATIONS... 

The various capillary electrophoresis applications shown in this table are only a selected group of pharmaceutical drugs analyzed by CE. For a more comprehensive studies of drugs determined by capillary electrophoresis, see Refs. 55-57,77,83,86,92,121-128. 

MR Hadley, P Camilleri, AJ Hutt. Enantiomeric analysis by capillary electrophoresis Applications in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Electrophoresis 21 ... 

A Karbaum, T Jira. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis Application possibilities and suitability of various solvents for the separation of basic analytes. Electrophoresis 20 3396-3401, 1999. 

TJ O Shea. Analysis of pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis. In H Shin-tani, J Polonsky, eds. Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis Applications. London Blackie, 1997, pp 301-323. 

Ravelet, C., Grosset, C., Peyrin, E. (2006). Liquid chromatography, electrochromatography and capillary electrophoresis applications of DNA and RNA aptamers. J Chro-matogr A 1117, 1-10. 

Linden, M. V., Holopainen, J. M., Laukkanen, A., Riekkola, M. L., and Wiedmer, S. K., Cholesterol-rich membrane coatings for interaction studies in capillary electrophoresis application to red blood cell lipid extracts, Electrophoresis, 27, 3988-3998, 2006. 

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