Environmental applications, capillary electrophoresis-mass

Mordehai, A., Lim, H. K., and Henion, J. D. (1995). Ion-spray liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis mass-spectrometry on a modified benchtop ion-trap mass-spectrometer. In Practical Aspects of Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry Chemical, Environmental and Biomedical Applications (R. E. March, and J. F. J. Todd, Eds), Vol. 3, pp. 215—237, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

Detection techniques of high sensitivity, selectivity, and ease of coupling with sample preparation procedures are of special interest for measuring PGM content in biological and environmental samples. ICP MS, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS), adsorptive voltammetry (AV), and neutron activation analysis (NAA) have fotmd the widest applications, both for direct determination of the total metal content in the examined samples and for coupling with instrumental separation techniques. Mass spectrometry coupled with techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) (e.g., ESI MS", LC ESI MS", LC ICP MS, CE MS", and CE ICP MS) offer powerful potential for speciation analysis of metals. MS is widely used for examination of the distribution of the metals in various materials (elemental analysis) and for elucidation of the... 

Identification of components in environmental samples and in samples from laboratory studies of biodegradation and biotransformation is generally based on the application of MS coupled to either GC or LC systems. For environmental samples which may contain only small amounts of the relevant compounds, MS is particularly attractive in view of the extremely small amounts of samples — of the order of nanograms — which are required. An important additional advantage is that since the mass spectrometer can be interfaced with GC, LC, or capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems which incorporate separation procedures, pure samples are not required. Some salient issues in MS in the context of environmental application are summarized briefly as an introduction. Reference should be made to an exhaustive review (Burlingame et al. 1998) for instrumental details and aspects that are not covered here, such as MS of synthetic and natural polymers. 

Niessen, W.M.A Developments in Interface Technology for Combined liquid Chromatography, Capillary Electrophoresis, Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, in Applications of LC-MS in Environmental Chemistry J. Chromatogr. Library, Vol. 59, ed. D. Barcelo, D. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1996, p. 1. 

See also Capillary Electrochromatography. Capillary Electrophoresis Environmental Applications. Gas Chromatography Overview. Immunoassays Overview. Liquid Chromatography Overview. Mass Spectrometry Overview. Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Sensors Overview. Spectrophotometry Ovenriew. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Applications. Thin-Layer Chromatography Overview. 

The development of methods expanded with the appearance of new types and matrices of surfactant as well as new analytical techniques. Current trends include the study of environmental matrices, residual components, application of techniques such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and combined techniques such as liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS). 

See also Bioassays Overview. Capillary Electrophoresis Overview. Electrophoresis Oven/iew Principles Two-Dimensional Gels. Gas Chromatography Overview Mass Spectrometry. Immunoassays Overview. Immunoassays, Applications Food. Immunoassays, Techniques Radioimmunoassays Enzyme Immunoassays. Liquid Chromatography Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Food Applications. Mass Spectrometry Oven/iew Principles Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight. Radiochemical Methods Radioreceptor Assays Food and Environmental Applications. Thin-Layer Chromatography Oven/iew. 

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