Capillary electrophoresis-mass pharmaceutical applications

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a miniaturized separation technique that combines aspects of both interactive chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. In this chapter, the theory of CEC and the factors affecting separation such as the stationary phase and mobile phase parameters have been discussed. The chapter focuses on the types and preparation of columns for CEC and describes the progress made in the development of open-tubular, particle-packed, and monolithic columns. The detection techniques in CEC such as the traditional UV detection and improvements made in coupling with more sensitive detectors such as mass spectrometry are also described. The chapter provides a summary of some applications of CEC in the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products. 

Hamdan, M. (1997). Pharmaceutical applications of liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Process Control Qual. 10, 113 — 127. 

Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) is a high-resolution technique for protein and peptide separation performed at academic sites and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries for the analysis and characterization of, for example, recombinant antibodies and other recombinant proteins, isoforms of glycoproteins, point mutations in hemoglobin, and peptide mapping. Also, hyphenation to mass spectrometry and chip-based CIEF (microfabrication) have shown promise. CIEF kits and specific recipes/application notes are available from vendors of capillary electrophoresis (CE) equipment, as are a vast amount of publications and handbooks of CE published over recent years. 

See also Capillary Electrochromatography. Capillary Electrophoresis Pharmaceutical Applications Low-Molecular-Weight Ions Food Chemistry Applications Clinical Applications. Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction Solid-Phase Microextraction. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Liquid Chromatography Overview Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. 

Steuer et al. compared supercritical fluid chromatography with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for its application in pharmaceutical analysis [24]. Efficiency, performance, sensitivity, optimization, sample preparation, ease of method development, technical capabilities, and orthogonality of the information were the parameters studied. They concluded that SFC is ideal for moderately polar compounds, such as excipients, for which mass detection is required. 

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