C6 cells

Yasugi, E., Yokoyama, Y., Seyama, Y., Kano, K., Hayashi, Y., and Oshima, M., 1995, DoUchyl phosphate, a potent inducer of apoptosis in rat glioma C6 cells. Biochem. 

Figure 2.5. Setup for in vitro measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability with a co-culture of bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells (BBMEC) and an astro ioma cell line, C6. The BBMEC are grown on top of a filter insert. The C6 cells are either grown on the opposite side of the filter or on the bottom of the wells. Transport across the BBMEC monolayer is measured by adding the test substance to the upper chamber and sampling from the lower chamber. The tightness of the monolayer is also characterized by the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Courtesy of T. Abbruscato.

Foisner, R., Bohn, W., Mannweiler, K., and Wiche, G. (1995). Distribution and ultrastructure of plectin arrays in subclones of rat glioma C6 cells differing in intermediate filament protein (vimentin) expression./. Struct. Biol. 115, 304—317. 

Several other cultured cell lines were affected by butyrate (5). These included rat glial C6 cells (12-fold increase) and Friend erythroleukemic cells (4-fold increase). The increase in choleragen receptors in Friend cells was also time dependent (Table III). In addition, butyrate appeared to be specific dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) induces erythroid differentiation (23) as does butyrate (24) but it did not cause an increase in toxin receptors (Table 111)7... 

Activated macrophages and microglia are likely cellular sources of IL-1 in the central nervous system. IL-la and p, both 17-kDa proteins, are the products of two distinct genes and produce many of the same effects that TNF has on glial cells. IL-1 upregulates cytokine production, includes cell surface molecules, activates nitric oxide, and stimulates proliferation. When used alone, IL-1 and TNFa both stimulate nitric oxide production in C6 cells. However, in human fetal astrocyte cultures, IL-1 is a better nitric oxide inducer when used in combination with IFNy. 

Fig. 13.4. Interactions of LCM with tumor cells in culture. C6 cells were incubated with diO-LCM (panels A,B) or diO alone (panels C,D) for 30 min at RT, and examined by fluorescence microscopy. The scale bar represents 10 pm. (Taken from ref. 531.)...

The effect of paclitaxel on the morphology of C6 tumor cells was also examined in culture. C6 cells were treated with LCM alone, paclitaxel-CRE (6 pg/ml), or paclitaxel-LCM (6 pg/ml). Compared to the control (LCM alone), C6 tumor cells treated with either paclitaxel-CRE or paclitaxel-LCM for 24 hours resulted in contracted, rounded tumor cells (ref. 532). 

Fig. 13.7. Effects of paclitaxel-loaded LCM on C6 cell morphology. Cells were treated with paclitaxel or paclitaxel-LCM for 8 hours. After treatment the cells were rinsed with saline, fixed, and stained with fluorescent-conjugated WGA to reveal overall cell morphology. Control culture (top panel) paclitaxel (bottom left panel) paclitaxel-LCM (bottom right panel). (Taken from ref. 532.)...

Fig. 13.8. Effect of paclitaxel on the morphology of C6 cells in culture. Cells were treated with LCM only (C,D) or paclitaxel-LCM (A,B) for 8 hours. The cells were stained with fluorescein-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to reveal the cell surface, and with Texas red-conjugated secondary antibody to rabbit anti-tubulin to reveal the presence of microtubules. Both channels were recorded simultaneously. Panels A and C show the presence of WGA, while B and D reveal the presence of tubulin. (Taken from ref. 532.)...

Jenkins D.E., Yu S.-F., Hornig Y.S., Purchio T., Contag P.R. (2003) In vivo monitoring of tumor relapse and metastasis using bioluminescent PC-3 M-luc-C6 cells in murine models of human prostate cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis20, 745-756. 

C6 glioma cells with the Eu3+ complex (10-500 pM, 45 min and 1 h at 37 °C) provided clear images consistent with the localization of the complex at mitochondria. Incubations of the cells at 4 °C, on the other hand, resulted in no probe uptake by the cells, which indicated that the lanthanide probe entered the cells through some biological activities. Finally, the authors performed luminescence and MR imaging experiment by using cocktail mixtures of Eu3+ and Gd3+ complexes (for example, Eu3+ Gd3+ = 40 60), and successfully obtained nice luminescence and MR images from the same population of C6 cells. 

PER.C6 cells have been used extensively for the production of gene therapy vectors. This cell line was derived from the immortalization of human embryonic retina cells through the use of adenovirus El gene (Fallaux et al., 1998). This cell line has been well characterized since its establishment, and no retroviruses or adventitious viruses have been detected in it. This cell line is easily adapted to different growth conditions and stably produces high levels of recombinant proteins. 

The preferential utilization of glutamine as an energy source is cell-dependent. Maranga and Goochee (2006) have demonstrated that PER.C6 cells fall into a minor category of mammalian cell lines for which glutamine plays a minor role in energy metabolism. 

Maranga and Goochee (2006) have reported that, when PER.C6 cells were cultured in suspension in a 2-liter serum-free bioreactor at a con-... 

Maranga L, Goochee CF (2006), Metabolism of PER.C6 cells cultivated under fed-batch conditions at low glucose and glutamine levels, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 94 139-150. 

Maitotoxin-induced calcium influx in erythrocyte ghosts and rat glioma C6 cells, and blockade by ganglio-... 

Konoki, K., Hashimoto, M., Nonomura, T, Sasaki, M., Murata, M., and Tachibana, K. 1998. Inhibition of maitotoxin-induced Ca2+ influx in rat glioma C6 cells by brevetoxins and synthetic fragments of maitotoxin. J Neurochem 70, 409 16. 

Figure 10 HCS-enabled screening of gap junctions - Rat glioma C6 cells stably expressing gap junction proteins are stained with Hoechst 33342 dye (red nuclear stain, Aex = 365 nm) and mixed with a small population of the same cells that had also been stained with a cytoplasmic dye, calcein AM (green, iex = 480 nm). After 1 h, the cells have settled and the two populations are generally easily distinguished (A). Only a few of the non-calcein dyed cells have picked up any calcein. After 2 hr of incubation (B), the calcein has spread extensively throughout the culture and this change in the distribution of dye is easily imaged on the ArrayScan II...

Boveri M, Berezowski V, Price A, Slupek S, Lenfant AM, Benaud C, Hartung T, Cecchelli R, Prieto P, Dehouck MP (2005) Induction of blood-brain barrier properties in cultured brain capillary endothelial cells comparison between primary glial cells and C6 cell line. Glia 51(3) 187-198... 

Qiao D, Seidler FJ and Slotkin TA (2001). Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos modelled in vitro comparative effects of metabolites and other cholinesterase inhibitors on DNA synthesis in PC12 and C6 cells. Environ Elealth Perspect, 109, 909-913. 

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