Ghosts, erythrocyte

Different tissues have different lipid compositions. The most common lipid components of membranes are PC and PE. Lipid extracts from brain and lung are also rich in PS heart tissue is rich in PG, and liver is rich in PI [567]. Human blood cells, as ghost erythrocytes (with cytoplasm contents removed), are often used as membrane models. These have different compositions between the inner and outer leaflets of the bilayer membrane. Phospholipids account for 46% of the outer leaflet membrane constituents, with PC and Sph about equal in amount. The inner leaflet is richer in phospholipids (55%), with the mix 19% PE, 12% PS, 7% PC and 5% Sph [567],... 

Several mechanisms are involved in the permeability through Caco-2 cells. In order to obtain a more pure measure of membrane permeability, an experimental method based on ghost erythrocytes (red blood cells which have been emptied of their intracellular content) and diffusion constant measurements using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been proposed [108]. 

Here, we discuss a solid-state 19F-NMR approach that has been developed for structural studies of MAPs in lipid bilayers, and how this can be translated to measurements in native biomembranes. We review the essentials of the methodology and discuss key objectives in the practice of 19F-labelling of peptides. Furthermore, the preparation of macroscopically oriented biomembranes on solid supports is discussed in the context of other membrane models. Two native biomembrane systems are presented as examples human erythrocyte ghosts as representatives of eukaryotic cell membranes, and protoplasts from Micrococcus luteus as membranes... 

Fig. 7 Comparison of the solid-state 31P-NMR spectra from erythrocyte ghosts (left column) and of DMPC model membranes (right column). Samples are prepared as a non-oriented suspension in excess water (a, d), and as macroscopically oriented membranes on glass slides that are aligned either parallel (b, e) or perpendicular (c, f) to the static magnetic field...

Schwoch G, Passow H (1973) Preparation and properties of human erythrocyte-ghosts. Mol Cell Biochem 2 197-218... 

Dodge JT, Mitchell C, Hanahan DJ (1963) The preparation and chemical characteristics of hemoglobin-free ghosts of human erythrocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 100 119-130... 

Polymerizable lipids can be incorporated into e.g. erythrocyte ghost cells by means of hemolysis and polymerized here-... 

Strambini and Galley have used tryptophan anisotropy to measure the rotation of proteins in glassy solvents as a function of temperature. They found that the anisotropy of tryptophan phosphorescence reflected the size of globular proteins in glycerol buffer in the temperature range -90 to -70°C.(84 85) Tryptophan phosphorescence of erythrocyte ghosts depolarized discontinuously as a function of temperature. These authors interpreted the complex temperature dependence to indicate protein-protein interactions in the membrane. 

Sretcher, M.S., 1972b, Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine differential labelling in intact ceUs and cell ghosts of human erythrocytes by a membrane-impermeable reagent J. Mol. Biol., 71 523-528. 

Zachariasse, K. A., Vaz, W. L. C., Sotomayor C., and Kiihnle, W. Investigation of human erythrocyte ghost membrane with intramolecular excimer probes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1982, 688, 323-332. 

Shtelman E, Tomer A, Kolusheva S, Jelinek R. Imaging membrane processes in erythrocyte ghosts by surface fusion of a chromatic polymer. Anal Biochem 2006 348 151-153. 

A.S.L. Xu, A.R. Waldeck, P.W. Kuchel, Transmembrane F-19 Nmr chemical-shift difference of fluorinated solutes In liposomes, erythrocytes and erythrocyte-ghosts, NMR Blomed. 6 (1993) 136-143. 

Liao, K. and Yin, M., Individual and combined antioxidant effects of seven phenolic agents in human erythrocyte membrane ghosts and phosphatidylcholine liposome systems importance of the partition coefficient, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 2266, 2000. 

A synergism between SOD and catalase points to the OH radical (or a OH radical like intermediate) as the toxic species. The damage to resealed erythrocyte ghosts by radiolytically produced OH radicals was enhanced by H Oj by a factor of almost... 

The influence of adsorption of polyelectrolytes on bimolecular phospholipid leaflets was studied. All polyelectrolytes studied were adsorbed on the surface of the film, as demonstrated by greatly increased drainage times. Only some of the polyelectrolytes investigated are able to decrease the d.c. resistance, notably a protein derived from ox erythrocyte ghosts and a Na-K polyphosphate. The combination of these latter substances proved particularly effective. It is concluded that the decrease of d.c. resistance is caused by adsorption and penetration of the polyelectrolytes into the membrane, resulting in the formation of pores or water channels, and not by the possibility of transport of charged macromolecules through the membrane. 

---