Butyl curing resin

About 16% of formaldehyde production goes into the manufacture of phenol-formaldehyde resins, of which only a small portion goes into rubber applications as tacki-fiers, reinforcing resins, and butyl curing resins. 

Resin Cure. Resin cure systems yield carbon—carbon cross-links and, consequendy, thermally stable materials. Butyl mbber vulcanised with resins are used as tire-curing bladders, and have a life of 300—700 curing cycles at steam temperature of 175°C at about 20 m/cycle. 

Metal oxides. Magnesium oxide is used to cure polychloroprene by converting its few active allylic chloride from 1,2 addition into ether cross-links. There is a synergistic effect when magnesium oxide is used in combination with t-butyl phenolic resins in solvent-borne polychloroprene adhesives. When solvent is removed, the phenolic group in the resin reacts with the magnesium oxide to cross-link [49]. 

Terpene phenolic resins can also be added to solvent-borne CR adhesives to increase open tack time and to provide a softer glue line than /-butyl phenolic resins. To provide adequate hot bond strength, these resins are used in combination with a polyisocyanate curing agent. 

Fully alkylated amino resins require strong acid catalysis for fast and/or low-temperature cross-linking. Their catalysis mechanism is different from that of partially alkylated resins which respond to weak acid catalysts or general acid catalysis. A fully alkylated melamine resin catalyzed by a strong acid catalyst is a faster curing (cross-linking) agent than a partially butylated amino resin. 

The choice of amino component depends on the end use. Butylated UF resins are principally used in low-temperature curing applications, such as wood and general industrial coatings. Small amounts of these resins are also employed in container coatings in combination with epoxy resins. With the development of high-solids coatings, urea resins have been replaced in many applications with HMMM-type resins. 

Features Butylated thermosetting resin extremely fast cure high chem. 

Non-drying short oil polyester in combination with melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin can also be used as a binder for stoving paint, as it can be cured at a high temperature and possesses a dark colour. A short oil polyester resin based on Mesua ferrea L. seed oil (consisting of monoglyceride of the oil, phthalic and maleic anhydrides) has been successfully used in the preparation of industrial stoving paint in combination with partially n-butylated MF resin. ° The performance characteristics of this paint are comparable with those of industrially used castor oil-based paint with the same formulation and processing conditions. As this oil is much cheaper than industrially used castor oil, the final cost of the test paint is lower than that of the standard paint. 

The affect of variations in chemical structure of amines on the photo-initiating ability of 4- -propoxythio-xanthone was also investigated in photopolymerizations of n-butyl methacrylate and a commercial triacrylate resin in isopropyl alcohol solution. The conclusion from that study is that the activity is highly dependent on the ionization potential of the particular amine, the formation of a triplet exciplex and an electron transfer process. Analyses of chloroform extracts of the cured resin confirmed that the alkylamino radical is the initiating radical. ... 

Scheme 4.4 illustrates schematically the reaction of a curing resin (heat reactive octylphenol formaldehyde) in the vulcanization of butyl rubber. Following the elimination of water in the reaction sequence, the exomethylene group and carbonyl oxygen react with an isoprenyl unit in butyl rubber to form a chroman ring. Chroman ring structures are very stable and are frequently found in natural product biosynthesis. 

PF curing resin is used with hutyl compounds to impart excellent heat resistance. Thus butyl-ruhher-based compounds with these curing resins can be used to make curing bladders that can withstand many repeated heats in curing tires. 

Similar to the vinyl ester resins, the cured epoxyfumarate resins are distinguished by enhanced chemical resistance (e.g. in aqueous 20% NaOH at 60 °C), heat deflection temperature and flexibility. The chemical composition of the R group (methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl) influences the properties of the crosslinked epoxyfumarate resins [6]. If the R group contains bromine (e.g. tribromoneopentyl or 2,3-dibromopropyl), the cured resins are fire retardant [7]. Moreover, the brominated resins are distinguished by increased Martens heat deformation temperature and low water absorption. 

Zinc surfaces may be involved either by the use of galvanized steel or of zinc die castings. Again, anhydride-cured epoxies should be avoided as also should adhesives which contain tackifiers based on rosin derivatives. These rosin materials tend to form soaps with zinc and to form them at the interface between metal and adhesive thus creating a weak boundary layer. Polychloroprene adhesives are recommended for use with zinc as the tackifier used is normally a tcrt-butyl phenolic resin which is perfectly safe, although some products may contain other, less satisfactory, tackifier. 

Hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM) resins are less reactive than butylated melamine resins and always require the incorporation of acid catalysts to cure the coating. Para-toluene sulphonic acid (1-2% on total resin) is used extensively in hydroxy aciylic/HMMM formulations. 

Commercially available MEKP formulations are mixtures of the dihydroperoxide (1), where X = OOH R = H, R = methyl, and R = ethyl (2,2-dihydroperoxybutane [2625-67 ]) and dialkyl peroxide (2), where X = OOH, Y = OOH, R = methyl, and R = ethyl (di(2-hydroperoxy-2-butyl) peroxide [126-76-1J). These formulations are widely used as free-radical initiators in the metal-promoted cure of unsaturated polyester resins at about 20°C. 

Studies of the particle—epoxy interface and particle composition have been helphil in understanding the mbber-particle formation in epoxy resins (306). Based on extensive dynamic mechanical studies of epoxy resin cure, a mechanism was proposed for the development of a heterophase morphology in mbber-modifted epoxy resins (307). Other functionalized mbbers, such as amine-terminated butadiene—acrylonitrile copolymers (308) and -butyl acrylate—acryhc acid copolymers (309), have been used for toughening epoxy resins. 

Quinone dioximes, alkylphenol disulfides, and phenol—formaldehyde reaction products are used to cross-link halobutyl mbbers. In some cases, nonhalogenated butyl mbber can be cross-linked by these materials if there is some other source of halogen in the formulation. Alkylphenol disulfides are used in halobutyl innerliners for tires. Methylol phenol—formaldehyde resins are used for heat resistance in tire curing bladders. Bisphenols, accelerated by phosphonium salts, are used to cross-link fluorocarbon mbbers. 

Polymers ndResins. / fZ-Butyl peroxyneopentanoate and other peroxyesters of neopentanoic acid can be used as free-radical initiators for the polymeri2ation of vinyl chloride [75-01-4] (38) or of ethylene [74-85-1]. These peresters have also been used in the preparation of ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymers [24937-78-8] (39), modified polyester granules (40), graft polymers of arninoalkyl acrylates with vinyl chloride resins (41), and copolymers of A/-vinyl-pyrrohdinone [88-12-0] and vinyl acetate [108-05-4] (42). They can also be used as curing agents for unsaturated polyesters (43). 

Resin cured butyl (HR) Acids Lyes Strong alkahes Strong phosphoric acid Dilute mineral acids Ketones Amines Water Fats and fatty acids Petroleum oils Chlorinated hydrocarbons Liquids with dissolved chlorine Mineral oil Oxygen rich demin. water Strong oxidants... 

Sulfur chemistry [29] has also been used to crosslink rubber/resin PSAs, although the use of elemental sulfur itself yields tapes that can stain substrates. Other patents exemplify the use of typical rubber vulcanizing chemistry such as Tetrone A , dipentamethylenethiuramtetrasulfide, and Tuads , tetramethylthiu-ram disulfide [30], or zinc butyl xanthate [31] for this purpose. Early art [32] also claimed electron beam curing of both natural rubber and other adhesives that were solvent coated on tape backings. Later references to electron beam curing... 

Phenol-formaldehyde resins. These arc used to cure butyl rubber forming thermally stable carbon-carbon cross-links. 

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