Alkylphenol disulfide

Quinone dioximes, alkylphenol disulfides, and phenol—formaldehyde reaction products are used to cross-link halobutyl mbbers. In some cases, nonhalogenated butyl mbber can be cross-linked by these materials if there is some other source of halogen in the formulation. Alkylphenol disulfides are used in halobutyl innerliners for tires. Methylol phenol—formaldehyde resins are used for heat resistance in tire curing bladders. Bisphenols, accelerated by phosphonium salts, are used to cross-link fluorocarbon mbbers. 

Table 4 Chemical and physical properties of poly-rer-alkylphenol disulfides...

A sulfur moiety introduces a hydroperoxide deactivating effect into the stabilizer molecule. Moreover, the condensation of low molecular weight compounds with halides of sulfur represents an easy synthetic approach to the increase of the molecular weight and consequently to the improvement of the physical persistency of stabilizers. Efficient AO were prepared by this way from alkylphenols, aromatic amines or phenothiazine [21,174]. Most of them contain two active units connected with a sulfide/disulfide bridge and should be listed rather among high molecular weight stabilizers. Antioxidant 136 (n > m), prepared from pyrocatechol and... 

With the use of tin chloride, p-alkylphenol is used to make phenol disulfide accelerator. 

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