Butadiene 1,2-polybutadiene

Synonyms Benzene, ethenyi-, polymer with 1,3-butadiene B/S Butadi-ene/styrene copolymer 1,3-Butadiene/styrene copolymer Butadiene/ styrene polymer 1,3-Butadiene/styrene polymer Butadiene/styrene resin 1,3-Butadiene/styrene resin Butadiene/styrene rubber Ethenylbenzene polymer with 1,3-butadiene Polybutadiene/polysty-rene copolymer Poly (styrene-co-butadiene) S/B SBR Styrene/butadiene Styrene/butadiene copolymer Styrene/1,3-butadiene copolymer Styrene polymer with 1,3 butadiene Classification Polymer synthetic rubber Formula pCH2CH(C6H5)],(CH2CH=CHCH2),... 

Butadiene/styrene polymer 1,3-Butadiene/styrene polymer Butadiene/styrene resin 1,3-Butadiene/styrene resin Butadiene/styrene rubber Ethenylbenzene polymer with 1,3-butadiene Polybutadiene/polystyrene copolymer Poly (styrene-co-butadiene) S/B SBR Styrene/butadiene... 

Uses Synthetic rubbers and elastomers (styrene-butadiene, polybutadiene, neoprene) organic synthesis (Diels-Alder reactions) latex paints resins chemical intermediate. 

Uses. Manufacture of synthetic rubber, especially styrene-butadiene, polybutadiene, and neoprene rubbers... 

The versatility of Ziegler-Natta catalysis is shown in the polymerization of butadiene. Polybutadiene may have either a 1,2 or 1,4 configuration. The 1,4 polymer has a double bond as part of the main chain and this can be atactic, isotactic, or syndiotactic. Thus many different polybutadienes can be made and all of them have been made with the aid of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. 

To produce the Type 2 polymers, styrene and acrylonitrile are added to polybutadiene latex and the mixture warmed to about 50°C to allow absorption of the monomers. A water-soluble initiator such as potassium persulphate is then added to polymerise the styrene and acrylonitrile. The resultant materials will be a mixture of poly butadiene, polybutadiene grafted with acrylonitrile and styrene, and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. The presence of graft polymer is essential since straightforward mixtures of polybutadiene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers are weak. In addition to emulsion processes such as those described above, mass and mass/suspension processes are also of importance. 

Fig. 9. A comparison of the late stage scaling function of near critical polybutadiene/polyisoprene (PB/PI) mixtures at T = 55 °C with that of deuterated poly-butadiene/polybutadiene mixture [36], DPB/PB and of an iso-butyric acid/water mixture [181] I/W. Note the asymptotic exponents F(x < 1) ocx and F(x > 1) ocx-4. From Takenaka and Hash-imoto [180]...

Details 1,3-Butadiene is a colourless gas, it is the monomer of rubber (i.e., styrene-butadiene, polybutadiene rubber, as well as neoprene rubber). The word butadiene, most of the time, refers to 1,3-butadiene. 

The characteristics of the samples used are summarized in Table 1 where SBR, PB and PI designate, respectively, a random copolymer of poly(styrene-random-butadiene), polybutadiene, and polyisoprene. Binary mixtures of PP/EPR (14), X-7G/PET (15), both having (50/50 wt/wt composition), and PS/SB (16) (35/65 w wt) were occasionally us, where PP, EPR, X-7G, PET, PS and SB, designate, respectively, isotactic poly(propylene), a random copolymer of... 

Polyisobutylene Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) Polybutadiene Poly(vinyl chloride) Polystyrene Cellulose triacetate Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Poly(ethyl acrylate)... 

Butadiene Polybutadiene, copolymers, chloroprene, adipodinitrile, sulfolene 9 (2009)... 

Chains of polybutadiene were trapped in the network formed by cooling a butadiene-styrene copolymer until phase separation occurred for the styrene, effectively crosslinking the copolymer. At 25°C the loss modulus shows a maximum which is associated with the free chains. This maximum occurst at the following frequencies for the indicated molecular weights of polybutadiene ... 

The mbber latex is usually produced in batch reactors. The mbber can be polybutadiene [9003-17-2] or a copolymer of 1,3-butadiene [106-99-0] and either acrylonitrile [107-13-1] or styrene [100-42-5]. The latex normally has a polymer content of approximately 30 to 50% most of the remainder is water. 

Elastomers. Elastomers are polymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons (see Elastomers, synthetic Rubber, natural). Natural mbber is essentially polyisoprene, whereas the most common synthetic mbber is a styrene—butadiene copolymer. Moreover, nearly all synthetic mbber is reinforced with carbon black, itself produced by partial oxidation of heavy hydrocarbons. Table 10 gives U.S. elastomer production for 1991. The two most important elastomers, styrene—butadiene mbber (qv) and polybutadiene mbber, are used primarily in automobile tires. 

Acrylonitrile—Butadiene—Styrene. ABS is an important commercial polymer, with numerous apphcations. In the late 1950s, ABS was produced by emulsion grafting of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers onto polybutadiene latex particles. This method continues to be the basis for a considerable volume of ABS manufacture. More recently, ABS has also been produced by continuous mass and mass-suspension processes (237). The various products may be mechanically blended for optimizing properties and cost. Brittle SAN, toughened by SAN-grafted ethylene—propylene and acrylate mbbets, is used in outdoor apphcations. Flame retardancy of ABS is improved by chlorinated PE and other flame-retarding additives (237). 

Polybutadiene. The many forms that can result from the polymerisation of butadiene, depending on the catalysts used, include high cis, medium cis, low cis, and high vinyl polybutadiene (PBD) (see Elastomers, synthetic-polybutadiene). 

In the late 1920s Bayer Company began reevaluating the emulsion polymerisation process of polybutadiene as an improvement over their Buna technology, which was based on sodium as a catalyst. Incorporation of styrene (qv) as a comonomer produced a superior polymer compared to polybutadiene. The product Buna S was the precursor of the single largest-volume polymer produced in the 1990s, emulsion styrene—butadiene mbber... 

Polymerization Reactions. The polymerization of butadiene with itself and with other monomers represents its largest commercial use. The commercially most important polymers are styrene—butadiene mbber (SBR), polybutadiene (BR), styrene—butadiene latex (SBL), acrylonittile—butadiene—styrene polymer (ABS), and nittile mbber (NR). The reaction mechanisms are free-radical, anionic, cationic, or coordinate, depending on the nature of the initiators or catalysts (194—196). 

Homopolymerization of butadiene can proceed via 1,2- or 1,4-additions. The 1,4-addition produces the geometrically distinguishable trans or cis stmctures with internal double bonds on the polymer chains, 1,2-Addition, on the other hand, yields either atactic, isotactic, or syndiotactic polymer stmctures with pendent vinyl groups (Eig. 2). Commercial production of these polymers started in 1960 in the United States. Eirestone and Goodyear account for more than 60% of the current production capacity (see Elastomers, synthetic-polybutadiene). 

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