Polybutadiene butadiene rubber, BR

BR was first polymerised in Russia in 1910. It is the second largest volume synthetic rubber accounting for about 24 % of the total of all t)q)es. The consiunption within the EU is approximately 340000 tonnes/year. 

BR is a raw material (a raw rubber) which has two main markets the rubber goods industry and the plastics producers. The former blend it with other types of rubber and mix it with reinforcing fillers, oil and vulcanising chemicals to produce rubber compoimds. The rubber compound is then shaped and vulcanised under heat and pressure to produce the finished rubber article. The latter incorporate a small amount (5 to 8 %) during their polymerisation processes to enhance the impact strength of the finished plastic. The most widely produced material is high impact polystyrene, HIPS. 

BR is a high performance product. It must be manufactured to the highest quality level because of its principal application in safety critical products. In other application areas, such as conveyor belts, the products are expected to perform well for many years under demanding conditions. In order to achieve the required performance and to give easy and consistent manufacturing processes, very tight specifications are applied by rubber goods manufacturers and the plastics industry. 

The production of BR is highly capital intensive, hence the industry in Europe only employs about 650 people, however, a further 300000 are involved in the manufacture of tyres, industrial rubber goods and high impact plastics. 

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Butadiene can form three repeat units as described in structure 5.47 1,2 cw-1,4 and trans-, A. Commercial polybutadiene is mainly composed of, A-cis isomer and known as butadiene rubber (BR). In general, butadiene is polymerized using stereoregulating catalysts. The composition of the resulting polybutadiene is quite dependent on the nature of the catalyst such that almost total trans-, A, cis-, A, or 1,2 units can be formed as well as almost any combination of these units. The most important single application of polybutadiene polymers is its use in automotive tires where over 10 t are used yearly in the U.S. manufacture of automobile tires. BR is usually blended with NR or SBR to improve tire tread performance, particularly wear resistance. 

Butadiene rubber (BR) or Polybutadiene has an excellent abrasion resistance and a very low damping, but is, undiluted, too jumpy for use in tyres. In blends with SBR or natural rubber a good compromise of properties can be obtained. 

S.3.3 Butadiene Rubber (BR). Polybutadiene rubber was originally produced by emulsion polymerization of 1,3-butadiene, generally with rather poor results. Now it is generally prepared by solution polymerization. Its general chemical structure is as follows ... 

BLCT Basic lattice cluster theory (LCT) bPET Branched polyethylene terephthalate BR Polybutadiene, butadiene rubber... 

BR - butadiene rubber (BR is also known as polybutadiene) CR - chloroprene rubber (CR is also known as polychloro-prene) ... 

See acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer. Butadiene rubber (BR) See polybutadiene. Butadiene styrene latex A synthetic latex similar to synthetic rubber used for latex paints. 

The family consists of, in order of market volume, polybutadiene (or butadiene rubber, BR), solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) and styrenic block copolymers (SBC). A further subdivision may be made into those polymers that require vulcanisation (BR, SSBR) and those that do not (SBC). The latter are also known as thermoplastic rubbers as they have rubbery properties below a certain temperature when they soften and may be processed like thermoplastics. 

Butadiene rubber (BR) is the third largest volume rubber used by the rubber industry today after NR and SBR. Its global production was approximately 7 billion pounds in 2010, which represents about 25% of the production of all synthetic rubber. The vast majority of BR is consumed by the tire sector. Even though it costs more than SBR or NR, it imparts unique properties to a rubber compound, such as excellent wear resistance in a tire tread and flex fatigue resistance in a tire sidewall. In addition, the use of more BR with very high 1,4-m-polybutadiene imparts superior rolling resistance to a tire as well. 

FIGURE 1.12 Master curve of tear energy Gc versus rate R of tear propagation at Tg for three cross-linked elastomers polybutadiene (BR, Tg — —96°C) ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR, Tg — —60°C) a high-styrene-styrene-butadiene rubber copolymer (HS-SBR, Tg — —30°C). (From Gent, A.N. and Lai, S.-M., J. Polymer Sci., Part B Polymer Phys., 32, 1543, 1994. With permission.)... 

Butadiene is used primarily in the production of synthetic rubbers, including styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene nibber (BR), styrene-butadiene latex (SBL), chloroprene rubber (CR) and nitrile rubber (NR). Important plastics containing butadiene as a monomeric component are shock-resistant polystyrene, a two-phase system consisting of polystyrene and polybutadiene ABS polymers consisting of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene and a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, butadiene and styrene (MBS), which is used as a modifier for poly(vinyl chloride). It is also used as an intermediate in the production of chloroprene, adiponitrile and other basic petrochemicals. The worldwide use pattern for butadiene in 1981 was as follows (%) SBR + SBL, 56 BR, 22 CR, 6 NR, 4 ABS, 4 hexamethylenediamine, 4 other, 4. The use pattern for butadiene in the United States in 1995 was (%) SBR, 31 BR, 24 SBL, 13 CR, 4 ABS, 5 NR, 2 adiponitrile, 12 and other, 9 (Anon., 1996b). 

Polymerization Reactions. The polymerization of butadiene with itself and with other monomers represents its largest commercial use. The commercially most important polymers are styrene—butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene (BR), styrene—butadiene latex (SBL), acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene polymer (ABS), and nitrile rubber (NR). The reaction mechanisms are free-radical, anionic, cationic, or coordinate, depending on the nature of the initiators or catalysts (194—196). 

Other reported TG-MS applications concern polybutadiene [153], styrene-butadiene rubbers [153], gums [14], polyisoprenes [52], polyurethanes [144, 146, 147, 166], ABS [144], chlorosulphonated polyethylene elastomer [169, 170] and elastomer blends (NBR/SBR/ BR) [13]. Table 1.5 summarises the use of advanced TG-MS systems in elastomer analysis. 

As a result of its saturated polymer backbone, EPDM is more resistant to oxygen, ozone, UV and heat than the low-cost commodity polydiene rubbers, such as natural rubber (NR), polybutadiene rubber (BR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). Therefore, the main use of EPD(M) is in outdoor applications, such as automotive sealing systems, window seals and roof sheeting, and in under-the-hood applications, such as coolant hoses. The main drawback of EPDM is its poor resistance to swelling in apolar fluids such as oil, making it inferior to high-performance elastomers, such as fluoro, acrylate and silicone elastomers in that respect. Over the last decade thermoplastic vulcanisates, produced via dynamic vulcanisation of blends of polypropylene (PP) and EPDM, have been commercialised, combining thermoplastic processability with rubber elasticity [8, 9]. 

In the spectra of the ozonized polybutadienes the appearance of bands at 1,111 and 1,735 cm, which are characteristic for ozonide and aldehyde groups, respectively, is observed [22, 31], It was found that the integral intensity of ozonide peak in the l,4-cz5-polybutadiene Emulsion Butadiene Rubber (E-BR) spectrum is greater and that of the aldehyde is considerably smaller in comparison with the respective peaks in the Diene 35 NFA (BR) spectrum at one and the same ozone conversion degree of the double bonds. The differences in the aldehyde yields indicate that, according to IR-analysis, the degradation efficiency of the BR solutions is greater. 

BR Cis-1,4-butadiene rubber (cis-1,4-polybutadiene) EAA Ethylene-acryhc acid... 

There is a relatively large range of different types of rubbers that are used in different components in the food industry that can get in contact with the food. The most important of these are natural rubber (NR ds-l,4-polyisoprene), nitrile rubber (i.e., acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), rubbers of ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM) and EPDM, SBR, fluorocarbon rubber, silicone rubber, polybutadiene rubber (BR), polychloroprene rubber, and TPE. In addition, there is the use of rubber blends, i.e., blends of NR and N Rr with SBR [19]. 

World rubber usage of around 25.8 million metric tons is split between natural rubber, which constitutes about 43% of global consumption, and synthetic rubber, of which styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) accounts for 21%. The balance of synthetic rubbers (36%) consists of polybutadiene rubber (BR) and a range of specialty polymers such as polyurethanes, halogenated polymers, silicones, and acrylates. Traditionally, the growth of synthetic and natural rubber consumption is virtually in line with the change in gross domestic product of, collectively. North America, Europe, Japan, China, and India. 

Tread The wear resistance component of the tire in contact with the road. It must also provide traction, wet skid, and good cornering characteristics with minimum noise generation and low heat buildup. Tread components can consist of blends of natural rubber, polybutadiene (BR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), compounded with carbon black, silica, oils, and vulcanizing chemicals. 

Synonyms Atactic butadiene polymer BR Buta-1,3-diene Butadiene homopoiymer 1,3-Butadiene, homopolymer Butadiene oligomer Butadiene poiymer 1,3-Butadiene, poiymers Butadiene resin Butadiene rubber Poiy-1,3-butadiene cis-Poiybutadiene Polybutadiene latex Polybutadiene resin Polybutadiene rubber ClassiTication Polymer elastomer latex Empirical (C4H6) ... 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Ethylene-tetratluoro-ethylene (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene/ hexafluoropropylene (THV), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) Epoxy resin (EP), polyester resin (UP), phenol resin (PF), resorcin resin (RF), polyurethane (PUR) Styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR), polybutadiene-rubber (BR), ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber (EPDM)... 

Butadiene rubber polybutadiene (BR). An important type of synthetic rubber produced by cw-1,4-polymerization of butadiene. Main application in tyres. Trade names Ameripol CB (USA), Buna CB (FRG), Cariflex BR (UK), Europrene cis (I), Polysar (USA). 

The rate of chain scission is increased in the presence of active hydrogen (e.g., water), probably due to reaction with carbonyl oxides to form reactive hydroperoxides. Crosslinking products may also be formed, especially with rubbers containing disubstituted double bonds (e.g., polybutadiene, BR, and styrene-butadiene rubber, SBR). 

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