Bayer Company

In the late 1920s Bayer Company began reevaluating the emulsion polymerisation process of polybutadiene as an improvement over their Buna technology, which was based on sodium as a catalyst. Incorporation of styrene (qv) as a comonomer produced a superior polymer compared to polybutadiene. The product Buna S was the precursor of the single largest-volume polymer produced in the 1990s, emulsion styrene—butadiene mbber... 

The earliest preparation of cellulose acetate is credited to Schiitzenberger in 1865. The method used was to heat the cotton with acetic anhydride in sealed tubes at 130-140°C. The severe reaction conditions led to a white amorphous polymer but the product would have been severely degraded and the process difficult to control. Subsequent studies made by Liebermann, Francimont, Miles, the Bayer Company and by other workers led to techniques for controlled acetylation under less severe conditions. 

Ilgner and Gattineau, acting on Lee s advice, also conceived a line which went to the Bayer Company in New York, for "personnel and collaborators."... 

The year 1979 was also the year of the first true breakthrough of the imino sugars. This was initiated by a medical researcher with Bayer company, Dr. W. Puls, who suggested a novel therapeutic concept for the treatment of diabetes type 2 symptoms after carbohydrate uptake this involved the inhibition of intestinal a-glucosidases with various compounds found in fermentation broths, among them 1,5-dideoxy-... 

Hoffman s acetylsalicylic acid competed with the other salicylate compounds after its initial synthesis. In 1899 Hoffman s employer, the Bayer Company, founded in 1861 by Friedrich Bayer (1825-1880), began to market acetylsalicylic acid under the name Aspirin. The term aspirin was derived by combining the letter a from acetyl and spirin from spiric acid. Spiric acid is another name for salicylic acid found in plants of the genus Spirea. Bayer pro-... 

That s quite a claim for the little pill that was concocted in 1897 by Felix Hoffmann, a chemist working for the Bayer company in Germany. While Hoffmann did synthesize the first commercial sample of acetylsalicylic acid, as aspirin is known generically, he wasn t the first to produce the substance in the laboratory. That honor goes to Karl Friedrich Gerhardt, who, in 1853 at Montpellier University in France, concocted an impure version with an eye towards improving on the effects of salicylic acid, a commonly used painkiller. At the time salicylic acid was extracted from the leaves of the meadowsweet plant and used for the treatment of fevers and pain, particularly of the arthritic variety. But it had to be taken in... 

The Bayer Company begins marketing a powerful new cough suppressant... 

C.R. Wright first synthesized heroin, or 3,6-diacetylmorphine, from morphine in 1874. The Bayer Company of Germany advertised heroin as an antitussive in 1898. Under U.S. law (but not the laws of many other countries) heroin has no accepted medical use it is classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. 

I accept this ACS Award as a recognition of the 90-year tradition of agrochemical research of the Bayer Company and the many pioneering achievements of this organization for the benefit of agriculture. 

The Bayer Company sells heroin as a cough suppressant and substitute for morphine. It quickly becomes the best-sellir drug of all time. 

By accepted legal standards, the Bayer Company of today is, in fact, the Bayer of World War II. 

Both salicylic acid and sodium salicylate (its sodium salt) were widely used analgesics in the nineteenth century, but both had undesirable side effects. Salicylic acid irritated the mucous membranes of the mouth and stomach, and sodium salicylate was too sweet for most patients. Aspirin, a synthetic compound, was first sold in 1899 after Felix Hoffman, a German chemist at Bayer Company, developed a feasible commercial synthesis. Hoffman s work was motivated by personal reasons his father suffered from rheumatoid arthritis and was unable to tolerate the sweet taste of sodium salicylate. 

The well-known drug Aspirin can demonstrate the various stages in the life of a drug substance. It was known since ancient times that the bark and leaves of the willow tree can provide relief from pain and fever. In 1832, the German chemist Piria isolated salicylic acid as the active substance in the plant material. Salicylic acid became the lead substance for further development. Soon a synthetic route was developed that replaced the tedious extraction process. Salicylic acid was used as a pain remedy, but because of its high acidity it had severe side effects when applied orally. In 1887, Felix Hoffmann, a chemist at Bayer AG, realized that the ester form of salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, had fewer side effects and was even more efficacious than the free acid. The Bayer Company marketed the ester under the trade name Aspirin, which soon became the number one selling drug worldwide and is still a synonym for pain relief today. 

But unfortunately salicylic acid attacks the mucous membranes of the mouth and esophagus and causes gastric pain that may be worse than the discomfort it was meant to cure. Felix Hoffmann, a chemist for Friedrich Bayer, a German dye company, reasoned that the corrosive nature of salicylic acid could be altered by addition of an acetyl group and in 1893 the Bayer Company obtained a patent on acetylsalicylic acid, despite the fact that it had been synthesized some forty years previously by Charles Gerhardt. Bayer coined the name Aspirin for their new product to reflect its acetyl nature and its natural occurrence in the Spiraea plant. Over the years they have allowed the term aspirin to fall into the public domain so it is no longer capitalized. The manufacturers of Coke and Sanka work hard to prevent a similar fate befalling their products. 

In Chapter 10 we discussed the use of opiate drugs in the treatment of pain. But the use of opiates for pain relief is usually reserved for severe cases. Many effective painkillers are available over the counter, and aspirin is the most widely known and used. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is closely related to a chemical found in the bark of the willow and other trees (salicylic acid). Willow bark was used in the treatment of painful conditions and fever by the ancient Greeks and by Native Americans. Salicylic acid was isolated and used as a pain reliever in Europe, but it causes severe stomach distress. It was not until the late 19th century that acetylsalicylic acid was synthesized and named aspirin by the. Bayer Company of Germany. Aspirin has come to be one of the most important drugs in medicine. It is marketed under the brand names Anacin, Bufferin, and Excedrin to name just a few, and more than 10,000 tons of aspirin are consumed in the United States every year (Julien, 2005). 

Finnemre, H. The Essential Oils 1926 D. Van Nostrand Co. Friedrich Bayer Company Improvements in and Relating to the Manufacture and Production of Homopiperonylamine 1911 GB 12,550... 

Chemists at the rival Bayer company established the structure Indanthrone consists of two anthraquinone units joined through a heterocyclic bridge containing two nitrogens. This enabled industrial research laboratories to discover anthraquinone-based intermediates for other vat dyes. In 1904, an assistant of Bohn synthesized benzanthrone (48), later an important intermediate in processes involving aminoanthraquinone-derived colorants72. 

Manufacturer Sybron Chemicals, Inc., a Bayer Company, Birmingham, New Jersey. 

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