Bronchial tumor

In additional EPA studies, subchronic inhalation was evaluated ia the rat for 4 and 13 weeks, respectively, and no adverse effects other than nasal irritation were noted. In the above-mentioned NTP chronic toxicity study ia mice, no chronic toxic effects other than those resulting from bronchial irritation were noted. There was no treatment-related increase ia tumors ia male mice, but female mice had a slight increase in bronchial tumors. Neither species had an increase in cancer. Naphthalene showed no biological activity in other chemical carcinogen tests, indicating Htde cancer risk (44). No incidents of chronic effects have been reported as a result of industrial exposure to naphthalene (28,41). 

Haussinger, K., Stanzel, E., and Huber, R. M. (1999). Autofluorescence detection of bronchial tumors with D-light/AE. Diag. Ther. Endosc. 5,105-112. 

Osteolytic tumors may induce bone destruction either through local invasion, or by a secondary metastatic bone disease. The most frequent types of primary tumors that develop into metastatic bone disease are, in the order of prevalence breast, prostate, thyroid, kidney, and bronchial tumors, whereas esophageal, gastrointestinal and rectal tumors are much less metastatic [11]. Very often, the destruction of bone in a metastatic bone disease leads to hypercalcemia of malignancy, which also responds to BPs. In addition, hematological cancers such as... 

The delivery of radioactive isotopes via vascular-borne microparticles to internal tumors dates back to 1947 when Muller and Rossier infused Zn and Au to treat renal cell metastases to the lungs, previously irradiated for bronchial carcinoma. Radioactive carbon particles that were used were 40-50 pm in diameter and were successfully trapped in bronchial tumors [1,2]. Di Matteo reported the most extensive experience using Au particles delivered by intraarterial injection to treat lung carcinoma, but subsequently abandoned this approach in favor of microsphere therapy [3]. Although most clinical experience is with °Y, a variety of solid tumors have been treated with intraarterial particles suspended in solution as the therapeutic isotope [4-6],... 

Lomustine (2-chlorethyl-3 cyclohexyl-1 -nutrosourea, CCNU, Fig 3) is a nitrosourea for oral application. It is used for the treatment of Hodgkin s lymphomas, brain tumors and bronchial carcinomas at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg (130 mg/m2) repeated in 6-8 weeks intervals. 

Cancer treatment is a multimodality treatment, i.e., surgery is combined with radiotherapy and antineoplastic chemotherapy. The latter treatment mode is used mainly for cancers which have disseminated. Different forms of cancer differ in their sensitivity to chemotherapy with antineoplastic agents. The most responsive include lymphomas, leukemias, choriocarcinoma and testicular carcinoma, while solid tumors such as colorectal, pancreatic and squamous cell bronchial carcinomas generally show a poor response. The clinical use of antineoplastic agents is characterized by the following principles. 

Foreign body or tumor in tracheal or bronchial obstruction... 

ACTH-secreting non-pituitary tumors (ectopic ACTH syndrome)—15% of cases of endogenous Cushing s syndrome usually from small cell lung carcinoma, bronchial carcinoids, pheochromocytoma, or thymus, pancreatic, ovarian, or thyroid tumor. The tumor is usually disseminated (difficult to localize). 

Intestinal pseudoobstruction is also part of paraneoplastic syndromes. The anti-/zu antibodies are useful to indicate this condition, as shown in bronchial small cell carcinoma [171], In pheochromocytoma [172] and carcinoid [173] neuromediators affecting small bowel motility are produced by the tumor cells. Intestinal pseudoobstruction has also been reported in neuroblastoma [174],... 

Lung cancer is a solid tumor originating from bronchial epithelial cells. This chapter distinguishes between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) because they have different natural histories and responses to therapy. 

Exposed female mice had significant compound-related increases in nasal carcinomas (NTP 1982 Stinson et al. 1981). The incidences of combined alveolar/bronchiolar carcinoma and adenoma were significantly increased in the lungs of high-dose male and female mice as compared with control animals. In addition to these tumors, adenomatous polyps were present in tracheal, bronchial, and bronchiolar lumens (NTP 1982). 

The lARC has determined that there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde to experimental animals. One limited epidemiological study that found an increased relative frequency of bronchial and oral cavity tumors among nine cancer cases in aldehyde-exposed workers provided inadequate evidence for human carcinogenicity." Acetaldehyde is considered to be possibly carcinogenic to humans. ... 

Dexamethasone Testing of adrenal cortical hyperfunction cerebral edema associated with primary or metastatic brain tumor, craniotomy, or head injury. Tnamc/no/one Treatment of pulmonary emphysema where bronchospasm or bronchial edema plays a significant role, and diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) in conjunction with diuretic agents to induce a diuresis in refractory CHF and in cirrhosis of the liver with refractory ascites and for postoperative dental inflammatory reactions. 

IR concentrated oral solution and tablets/suppositories - Respiratory insufficiency or depression severe CNS depression attack of bronchial asthma heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease cardiac arrhythmias increased intracranial or CSF pressure head injuries brain tumor acute alcoholism delirium tremens convulsive disorders after biliary tract surgery suspected surgical abdomen surgical anastomosis concomitantly with MAOIs or within 14 days of such treatment paralytic ileus. 

Serotonin has a small direct stimulant effect on bronchiolar smooth muscle in normal humans, probably via 5-HT2A receptors. It also appears to facilitate acetylcholine release from bronchial vagal nerve endings. In patients with carcinoid syndrome, episodes of bronchoconstriction occur in response to elevated levels of the amine or peptides released from the tumor. Serotonin may also cause hyperventilation as a result of the chemoreceptor reflex or stimulation of bronchial sensory nerve endings. 

All experiments that are exemplified here were performed using the human tumor cell line Calu-3, as model for the bronchial tract of the lung. The protocols are easily adaptable to other epithelial cells or cell lines taking into account that cultivation and experimental conditions (growth medium, cell numbers, cultivation time, TEER values, and others) may vary. 

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