Oral cavity tumor

The lARC has determined that there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde to experimental animals. One limited epidemiological study that found an increased relative frequency of bronchial and oral cavity tumors among nine cancer cases in aldehyde-exposed workers provided inadequate evidence for human carcinogenicity." Acetaldehyde is considered to be possibly carcinogenic to humans. ... 

Hecht, S.S., A. Rivenson, J. Braley, J. DiBello, J.D. Adams, and D. Hoffmann Induction of oral cavity tumors in F344 rats by tobacco-specific nitrosamines and snuff Cancer Res. 46 (1986) 4162-4166. 

Gap junctional communication Oral cavity tumor KB-1 Livny ... 

To and colleagues completed a randomized study in 136 patients comparing radiation therapy with bolus 5-FU (12). The 5-yr overall survival (p = 0.08) was 32% vs 14% in the concomitant arm vs the radiation only arm, respectively. In a subset analysis, patients with primary tumors of the oral cavity were found to have statistically significant local control and survival rates. Overall, the 2-yr DFS was significant (p = 0.05) in the concomitant chemoradiation arm at 49% in comparison to 18% in the radiation therapy only arm. 

Maciejewski B, Withers HR, Taylor JM, et al. Dose fractionation and regeneration in radiotherapy for cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx tumor dose-response and repopulation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1989 16 831-843. 

It is well-established that Hyal-1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) product, detected in many tobacco-related lung tumors,117,118 as well as of the oral cavity and upper airways.119 This occurs not only at the level of DNA, by homozygous deletion or loss of heterozygosity, but also at the level of RNA. Two splice variants coding for Hyal-1 are transcribed, one variant containing a retained intron that is unable to be translated.119 The versatility of the cancer cell is such that any mechanism that eliminates an unwanted activity will be used. 

Poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles The applications of poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles have been reviewed elsewhere and therefore only representative examples are described [102], Because of their adhesive properties, nanoparticles have the potential to prophylactically treat candidiasis of the oral cavity [121], Not surprisingly, poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles have been used to deliver drugs to tumors [122], Enhanced absorption and prolonged hypoglycemic effect were observed when insulin was delivered in poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles [121], Nuclear accumulation of antisense oligonucleotides into vascular smooth muscle cells was increased when delivered using poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles [123]. Dextran-coated poly(alkyl-... 

Mucositis and stomatitis have been reported with paclitaxel. Mucositis is characterized by ulceration of the lips, pharynx, and oral cavity, occurring 3-7 days after paclitaxel treatment (1,13,14,17,24,26,29,33,36-38). Mucositis appears to be more common during treatment of acute leukemias rather than solid tumors, when doses above 390 mg/m are used (24). Severe mucositis occurred during second and third courses, suggesting a cumulative effect, and was more severe if treatment was given at 15 days or less after previous courses. Patients... 

Alcohol consumption and its relationship to the occurrence of human cancers has been the subject of numerous epidemiological investigations. Erom these studies, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC Volume 44) has concluded that there is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages in humans. Malignant tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver... 

Figure 12 Composite dose-response data for rat and mouse drinking water bioassays. Vinyl acetate induced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, esophagus, and forestomach. The tumor incidence was greatest for the oral cavity. These data, which include male and female rats and mice, illustrate the sharp break in the dose-response curve with clear evidence for a practical threshold. Data are from Bogdanffy et al. (65), Maltoni et al. (46), and JBRC (45).

The EPA has derived an inhalation unit risk of 0.0049 ( g/m )" for hydrazine based on nasal cavity tumors, and an inhalation unit risk ofO.OOl ( g/m )" for 1,1-dimethylhydrazine based on tumor ofthe respiratory system (HEAST 1992 IRIS 1995). Although no studies were located regarding the carcinogenic effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine following inhalation exposures, EPA has derived an inhalation unit risk of 0.011 ( g/m ) for 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (HEAST 1992), based on extrapolation of cancer data for oral exposures (see Section 2.2.2.8). The concentrations of hydrazine,... 

ORAL CAVITY AND OROPHARYNX Granular Cell Tumor... 

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PEGA) is predominantly a tumor of minor salivary glands of the oral cavity. 

Paragangliomas of the head and neck can occur in many locations. The most common is the neck, usually related to the carotid or vagal bodies, or the middle ear (jugu-lotympanic paragangliomaParagangliomas can rarely occur in other locations as well such as the larynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and oral cavity. 197,277 symptoms of these tumors depend on the anatomic location, but patients may present with a pulsatile mass lesion. Paragangliomas in all of these locations have similar histologic and immunophenotypic appearance. 

It is also apparent that little effort is made to optimize the vehicle for topically administered sensitizers (e.g., dermal, oral cavity). For such applications, one is frequently presented to simple aqueous solutions of ethanol or DMSO. Topical preparations thereby offer a challenge to the formulation expert. Application to the oral cavity and larynx would benefit from bioadhesive formulations to increase the contact time between sensitizer and tissue. A well-designed vehicle could allow topical administration of sensitizers to tumors located close to the skin surface and thus offer an alternative to the present systemic administration. 

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