Bronchial epithelial cells

Endothelial cells are the major source of ET-1-synthesis. ET-1 is also produced by astrocytes, neurons, hepatocytes, bronchial epithelial cells, renal epithelial and mesangial cells. Physiological stimuli of ET-1-synthesis in endothelial cells are angiotensin II, catecholamines, thrombin, growth factors, insulin, hypoxia and shear stress. Inhibitors of ET-1 synthesis are atrial natriuretic peptide, prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin. ET-2 is mainly synthesized in kidney, intestine, myocardium and placenta and ET-3 is predominantely produced by neurons, astrocytes and renal epithelial cells. 

Hewson CA, Jardine A. Edwards MR. Laza-Stanca V, Johnston SL Toll-like receptor 3 is induced by and mediates antiviral activity against rhinovirus infection of human bronchial epithelial cells. J Virol 2005 79 12273-12279. 

GERWIN B J, SPILLARE E, FORRESTER K, LEHMAN T A, KISPERT J, WELSH J A, PFEIFER A M, LECHNER J F, BAKER s J, VOGELSTEIN B et al. (1992) Mutant p53 can induce tumorigenic conversion of human bronchial epithelial cells and reduce their responsiveness to a negative growth factor, transforming growth factor beta 1 , Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 2759-63. 

Sekiya T, Miyamasu M, Imanishi M, et al. Inducible expression of a Th2-type CC chemokine thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine by human bronchial epithelial cells. J Immunol 2000 165(4) 2205-2213. 

Berin MC, Eckmann L, Broide DH, Kagnoff MF. Regulated production of the T helper 2-type T-cell chemoattractant TARC by human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in human lung xenografts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001 24(4) 382-389. 

Cui CH, Adachi T, Oyamada H, et al. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in eotaxin-induced cytokine production from bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002 27(3) 329-335. 

Zhao G, Vaszar LT, Qiu D, Shi I, Kao PN. Anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide in human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000 279 L958-L966. 

Lian, E, K. Q. Hu, R. M. Russell, and X. D. Wang. 2006. Beta-cryptoxanthin suppresses the growth of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells and non-small-cell lung cancer cells and up-regulates retinoic acid receptor beta expression. Int J Cancer 119(9) 2084—2089. 

Lian, F. and X. D. Wang. 2008. Apo-lO -lycopenoic acid, an enzymatic metabolite of lycopene, induces Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Cancer (in press). 

Prakash, P., C. Liu, K. Q. Hu et al. 2004. Beta-carotene and beta-apo-14 -carotenoic acid prevent the reduction of retinoic acid receptor beta in benzo[a]pyrene-treated normal human bronchial epithelial cells. J Nutr 134(3) 667-673. 

Santy, A., Dziejman, M., Taha, R.A, Iarossi, AS., Neote, K., Garcia-Zepeda, E.A., Hamid, Q. and Luster, A.D. (1999) The T cell specific CXC chemokines IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC are expressed by activated human bronchial epithelial cells. Journal of Immunology 162, 3549-3558. 

Lung cancer is a solid tumor originating from bronchial epithelial cells. This chapter distinguishes between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) because they have different natural histories and responses to therapy. 

Bronchial epithelial cells participate in inflammation by releasing eicosanoids, peptidases, matrix proteins, cytokines, and nitric oxide. Epithelial shedding results in heightened airway responsiveness, altered permeability of the airway mucosa, depletion of epithelial-derived relaxant factors, and loss of enzymes responsible for degrading inflammatory neuropeptides. 

Robledo, R.F., Barber, D.S., and Witten, M.L., Modulation of bronchial epithelial cell barrier function by in vitro jet propulsion fuel 8 exposure, Toxicol. Sci., 51, 119, 1999. 

Ehrhardt C, Kneuer C, Bies C, Lehr C-M, Kim K-J, Bakowsky U (2005) Salbu-tamol is actively absorbed across human bronchial epithelial cell layers. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 18 165-170. 

BEGM Bronchial epithelial cell growth medium... 

NHBE Normal human bronchial epithelial cells... 

Calu-3 (American type culture collection ATCC HTB-55) is a human bronchial epithelial cell line derived from an adenocarcinoma of the lung [59], This cell line has been shown to exhibit serous cell properties and form confluent monolayers of mixed cell phenotypes, including ciliated and secretory cell types [60], but the cilia are formed very irregularly and seem to disappear with increasing passage number (unpublished observations, C.E. and B.F.). Calu-3 cells have shown utility as a model to examine transport [61-63] and metabolism in human bronchial epithelial cells for many therapeutic compounds [64], Furthermore, they have been used in a number of particlecell interaction studies [65-67], The interactions between respiratory epithelial cells and particulates are discussed more in detail in Chap. 19. 

A relatively new cell line that has not to date been characterised for its use in biopharmaceutics is based on primary airway epithelial cells infected with retroviruses expressing hTERT and HPV-16 E6/E7 (NuLi-1) [54], NuLi-1 cells were cultured on plastic up to passage 30. When grown on collagen-coated, semi-permeable membranes (Millicell-PCF), NuLi-1 TEER decreased only slightly over the 30 passages from 685 31 to 389 21 ohm.cm2. The TEER of NuLi-1 is similar to that observed with the primary bronchial cultures of 532 147 ohm.cm2. Thus, NuLi-1 cells can form an electrically tight airway epithelial barrier that mimics active and passive ion transport properties of primary human bronchial epithelial cells [54],... 

Active Transport Mechanisms in Tracheo-Bronchial Epithelial Cells... 

Suda T, Sato A, Sugiura W, Chida K (1995) Induction of MHC class II antigens on rat bronchial epithelial cells by interferon-gamma and its effect on antigen presentation. Lung 173(2) 127-137. 

Sisson JH, Tuma DJ, Rennard SI (1991) Acetaldehyde-mediated cilia dysfunction in bovine bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 260(2 Pt 1) L29-L36. 

Masui T, Wakefield LM, Lechner JF, LaVeck MA, Spom MB, Harris CC (1986) Type beta transforming growth factor is the primary differentiation-inducing serum factor for normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83(8) 2438-2442. 

Galietta LJ, Lantero S, Gazzolo A, Sacco O, Romano L, Rossi GA, Zegarra-Moran O (1998) An improved method to obtain highly differentiated monolayers of human bronchial epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 34(6) 478-481. 

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