Breast injection

Skin Methylthioninium chloride has been used for lymphatic mapping/sentinel lymphadenectomy in staging melanoma and breast cancer. It can cause skin necrosis, but more mild adverse reactions from intraparenchymal breast injection are not well characterized. Of patients undergoing staging for breast cancer and melanoma, 95 received intraparenchymal breast injected of methylthioninium chloride [65 ]. 

R. Droual, A.A. Bickford, B. R. Charlton and D. R. Kuncy, Investigation of problems associated with intramuscular breast injection of oil-adjuvanted killed vaccines in chickens, Avian Dis., 1990, 34, 473 78. 

Example of an HACCP System. The HACCP system can be used to ensure production of a safe cooked, sHced turkey breast with gravy, which has been vacuum packaged in a flexible plastic pouch and subjected to a final heat treatment prior to distribution (37). Raw turkey breasts are trimmed, then injected with a solution containing sodium chloride and sodium phosphate. Next, the meat is placed into a tumbler. After tumbling, the meat is stuffed into a casing, placed onto racks, and moved into a cook tank, where it is cooked to an internal temperature of at least 71.1°C (160°F). After... 

The adverse reactions associated with the menotropins include ovarian enlargement, hemoperitoneum (blood in the peritoneal cavity), abdominal discomfort, and febrile reactions. Urofollitropin administration may result in mild to moderate ovarian enlargement, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, and irritation at the injection site Multiple births and birth defects have been reported with the use of both menotropins and urofollitropin. 

Report bloating, abdominal pain, flushing, breast tenderness, and pain at the injection site. 

Intraarterial infusion of microspheres containing adriamycin was used for the local treatment of breast cancer and recurrent breast cancer with liver metastases (123). A reduction in tumor size was noted when the microspheres were injected into the internal and lateral thoracic arteries for treatment of the primary tumor. However, hepatic artery injection for liver metastases resulted in improvement in only one of three patients treated. 

Women who particularly benefit from progestin-only methods, including minipills, are those who are breast-feeding, those who are intolerant to estrogens, and those with concomitant medical conditions in which estrogen is not recommended. Also injectable and implantable contraceptives are beneficial for women with compliance issues. 

The main potential utility of the pure antiestrogens is in the treatment of breast cancer. Several studies on their effects on the breast demonstrate both the pure antiestrogenic action of the tested compounds and their beneficial effects on breast cancer treatment. In experiments conducted in nude mice xenotrans-planted with two different human estradiol-dependent breast tumors, a single injection of fulvestrant provided an antitumor efficacy equivalent to that of daily tamoxifen treatment for at least 4 weeks (Wakeling et al. 1991). Additionally, RU 58668 was able to induce up to 30% disappearance of MCF-7 breast... 

Creamer et al. (1994) reported cases of breast cancer where the use of tamoxifen was temporally related to the development of an inflammatory polyarthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis. Cases of cyclical psoriatic arthritis, however, have positively responded to antiestrogen therapy (Stevens et al. 1993). Tsai and Liu (1992) have shown that tamoxifen concurrently injected with estradiol benzoate antagonizes the condrodestructive effects of estradiol at the early stage of knee osteoarthritis in rabbits. 

Recently, most of the methods which have been used for the analysis of valproic acid in plasma, serum, cerebral spinal fluid, saliva, breast milk, and urine involve acidification of the biological sample, extraction into an organic solvent, and direct injection onto a gas-liquid chromatographic column (28, 29, 16, 30, 31, 32,... 

Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is characterized by very high levels of bone turnover in regions proximal to the tumour [33]. Bone resorption inhibitors such as bisphosphonates represent the current standard of care for the treatment of bone metastases primarily due to breast or prostate cancer and multiple myeloma. It has been proposed that other strong anti-resorptives such as a Cat K inhibitor could be useful in the treatment of bone metastases. Evidence for this has been presented in the form of a preclinical MBD model in which human breast cancer cells are implanted into nude mice. Treatment with a Cat K inhibitor gave a significantly lower area of breast cancer-mediated osteolytic lesions in the tibia [34]. In a separate study, the efficacy of a Cat K inhibitor in the reduction in tumour-induced osteolysis was found to be enhanced in the presence of the bisphosphonate zolendronic acid [35,36]. When prostate cancer cells were injected into the tibia of SCID mice, treatment with a Cat K inhibitor both prevented and diminished the progression of cancer growth in bone [37]. 

The first ever injectable crude biomaterial, that is a dental implant, appeared early in ad 6oo (Fig. 12.1). During those times, Mayan people trimmed seashells into artificial teeth to replace missing teeth (Michael, 2006 Ratner et al., 2004). Early biomaterials also led to problems, including sterilization, toxicity, inflammation, and immunological issues. Since the Mayan s initial use of artificial teeth, biomaterials have evolved to be used in modem artificial hearts, hip and knee pros-theses, artificial kidneys, and breast implants. Materials used in these applications include titanium, silicons, polyurethanes, teflon, polybiodegradable polymers, and most recently bio-nanomaterials (Pearce et al., 2007)... 

Finally, one of fhe most recent and most interesting approvals of a new formulation of paclifaxel was fhe approval of the agent ABl-007 (Abraxane ) (Abraxis Oncology, Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A.) (paclifaxel protein-bound particles for injectable suspension [albumin-bmmd]). It is indicated for treatment of breast cancer after failure of combination chemotherapy for metastatic disease or relapse within 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. Prior therapy should have included an anthracycline unless clinically contraindicated. The endpoint for that pivotal trial of Abraxane vs. paclitaxel was a... 

Breast-fed newborns (little intestinal flora, breast milk very low in vitamin K), especially in a home-birth where a postnatal injection of vitamin K may not be given... 

---