Respondents positive

The production of elfamycins is described in the references cited in Table 1. Fermentation yield improvements with aurodox (1, R = CH ) proved difficult because of feedback inhibition (48). Aurodox-resistant strains (49), however, responded positively to conventional mutagenic methods leading to yield increases from 0.4 to 2.5 g/L (50). Scale-up of efrotomycin (7, R = CH ) fermentations were found to be particularly sensitive to small changes in sterilization conditions of the oil-containing medium used (51). 

The reason(s) for the success of ISM has to do with the fact that sequence space has been confined to defined locations in the protein that are most likely to respond positively in an additive or cooperative manner. In sharp contrast, when performing several rounds of epPCR (4—8 are typical ), the whole protein is addressed repeatedly although only a fraction of the amino acid positions are important. Owing to statistical reasons, a given improved mutant (hit) evolved by ISM is not... 

Chlorine-enhancement may offer a partial solution. The addition of the chlorinated olefin TCE, PCE, or TCP to air/contaminant mixtures has recently been demonstrated to increase quantum yields substantially [1, 2, 6]. We recently have extended this achievement [3], to demonstrate TCE-driven high quantmn efficiency conversions at a reference feed concentration of 50 mg contaminant/m air not only for toluene but also for other aromatics such as ethylbenzene and m-xylene, as well as the volatile oxygenates 2-butanone, acetaldehyde, butsraldehyde, 1-butanol, methyl acrylate, methyl-ter-butyl-ether (MTBE), 1,4 dioxane, and an alkane, hexane. Not 1 prospective contaminants respond positively to TCE addition a conventional, mutual competitive inhibition was observed for acetone, methanol, methylene chloride, chloroform, and 1,1,1 trichloroethane, and the benzene rate was altogether unaffected. 

We also saw a number of polity makers, starting with Allan Bromley. Allan was convinced of the importance of this field before we finished our talk, and he subsequently provided the leadership that led to Bob White overseeing the FCCSET initiative. We also went to see Eric Bloch. He responded positively, and NSF took the initiative and proposed an increase in their 1992 budget. We also met with Admiral James D. Watkins, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and with a host of congressmen and senators. 

In their next study, Mayberg and her colleagues scanned the brains of depressed patients who had responded positively to treatment for depression in a clinical trial of Prozac. The patients were scanned twice, once before the treatment had begun and once again after six weeks of treatment. About half of the patients responded positively to the treatment by showing at least a 50 per cent reduction in their symptoms the other half did not improve that much and were classified as non-responders. For the responders, but not for the non-responders, treatment of depression produced changes in brain activation in exactly the same areas in which normal sadness had produced changes, but in the opposite direction. In other words, successful treatment decreased brain activity in areas where sadness produces increased activity, and it increased brain activity in areas where sadness decreases it. 

Results of preliminary experiments showed that only root tip cells of V. faba, A. cepa, P. sativum and T. turgidum responded positively to the Feulgen procedure (Table 4), with an evident appearance of MN and ATT anomalies (Fig. 1), which were more abundant in V. faba than in P. sativum (Fig. 2). The other plant species examined yielded a poor staining of the nuclear material, thus discouraging their use in successive experiments. 

Different people respond differently to any given drug, even if they present with essentially identical disease symptoms. Optimum dose requirements, for example, can vary significantly. Furthermore, not all patients respond positively to a specific drug (e.g. IFN-P is of clinical benefit to only one in three multiple sclerosis patients see Chapter 8). The range and severity of adverse effects induced by a drug can also vary significantly within a patient population base. 

Following the conference, we worked with the executives and scholars who participated to organize the papers into this book. We greatly appreciate the cooperation of our co-authors who contributed to this book, all of whom responded positively and quickly to our requests. We wish to express our appreciation to Katy Plowright, Business and Management Editor at Cambridge University Press, for her thoughtful... 

The sampling distribution determined in the previous section is an example of a deductive use of probability. Given that the probability of an occurrence of a one or two is known, we were able to deduce the probability of the outcomes that could arise if the die was tossed 10 times. In medical research, however we do not know what the true probability (response probability) is. Ours is the reverse problem, we observe a response rate, for example, 23 out of 80 patients respond positively to a given treatment, and want to infer what the true population response rate is. The requirement is to be able to make inductive probability statements. 

Kastner et al. (1993) evaluated valproic acid in 18 children and adults (mean age, 19.7 years) with self-injury or aggression, irritability, sleep disorder, and evidence of cycling. Fourteen (78%) responded positively as assessed by the CGI in this uncontrolled study. The authors found that 11 subjects with established or suspected epilepsy responded significantly better than participants with no evidence of epilepsy. 

Gray. J.R.. Kagan, J. The challenge of predicting which children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder will respond positively to methylphenidate. J. Appl. Dev. Psychol. 21, 471-489, 2000. 

At about the same time that imipramine was being studied in the United States, investigators in England noted that some patients with hysteria responded positively to MAOIs. Subsequently, researchers in England and Canada showed MAOIs to be superior to placebo in hysteria with phobic symptoms, a subcategorization that may be similar to that described by Klein. 

In June 1999, phase I clinical trials of OTI-010 were initiated in cancer patients receivingchemotherapy and HSC transplantation for the treatment of high-risk hematological malignancies (including acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and non-Hodgkin s lymphoma). The multicenter studies, conducted in seven US and European cancer centers, showed OTI-010 to be safe and efficacious, with 52% of patients ( 40 patients) responding positively to the therapy [327297], [495015]. 

Blurred vision. Three hypnotic subjects responded positively to this condition two hypnotic subjects and the simulator responded with schizoid withdrawal. Those that responded positively responded in terms of the primacy of color and light over form, and compared their perceptions of the world with impressionist paintings. One subject and the simulator responded in terms of an inability to make contact with anybody the last subject responded with a blunting and dulling of thought processes. All subjects lost some sensation in non-visual modalities. When the perception of outlines alone was blurred, colors tended to stand out. Alan Watts (1962) has noted how the perception of form and the perception of color may really be the same, but the behavior patterns of these subjects do not support this point of view. 

C. A solution of the sample of the hydrochloride salt responds positively to the test for chloride. 

Recognition of the importance of chemical cues in barnacle larval settlement has been important for studies of how physical factors such as salinity104 105 and water flow interact with chemical cues to mediate settlement behavior.106107 In a recent study, Wright and Boxshall107 showed that larvae of two species of barnacles, Elminius modestus and E. covertus, responded positively to soluble conspecific chemical cues for settlement however, the physical presence of barnacles also influenced settlement patterns in these species. An excellent review of the chemical basis for barnacle settlement has recently been published.55... 

Figure 19-4. Differences between the frequency of phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyper-phenylalaninemia (HPA) caused by problems in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism and reports of positive therapeutic responses to BH4 therapy. (A) Frequency of PKU and HPA cases documented to be caused by defects in BH4 metabolism. D, Clinical cases documented to be caused by defects in BH4 D, clinical cases presumable due to a defect in the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme. (II) Frequency of PKU and HPA cases that have been reported to respond positively to BH4 therapy. , Positive response to BH4 therapy 0, no response to BH4 therapy. Different reports in the literature varied with respect to the numbers of individuals responding to BH4 therapy. The differences in reported numbers of BH4 responders are indicated by the boxes with cross-hatching.

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