Tumours induced

NAGAO M (1995) Specific 5 -GGGA-3 - 5 -GGA-3 mutation of the Ape gene in rat colon tumours induced by 2-amino-1 -methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine , Proc Nat Acad Sci, 92 910-14. 

Tumours induced by chemical carcinogens/irradiation Each tumour usually displays distinct antigen specificity Virally induced tumours Various tumour types display identical tumour-... 

Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is characterized by very high levels of bone turnover in regions proximal to the tumour [33]. Bone resorption inhibitors such as bisphosphonates represent the current standard of care for the treatment of bone metastases primarily due to breast or prostate cancer and multiple myeloma. It has been proposed that other strong anti-resorptives such as a Cat K inhibitor could be useful in the treatment of bone metastases. Evidence for this has been presented in the form of a preclinical MBD model in which human breast cancer cells are implanted into nude mice. Treatment with a Cat K inhibitor gave a significantly lower area of breast cancer-mediated osteolytic lesions in the tibia [34]. In a separate study, the efficacy of a Cat K inhibitor in the reduction in tumour-induced osteolysis was found to be enhanced in the presence of the bisphosphonate zolendronic acid [35,36]. When prostate cancer cells were injected into the tibia of SCID mice, treatment with a Cat K inhibitor both prevented and diminished the progression of cancer growth in bone [37]. 

In the studies in mice, tumours were induced in multiple organs at all exposure concentrations studied, ranging from 6.25 to 1250 ppm [13.8-2760 mg/m ]. The tumours induced included malignant lymphomas and heart haemangiosarcomas. Neoplasms at multiple organ sites were induced in mice after as little as 13 weeks of exposure at exposure levels of 625 ppm. 

Activated -ras oncogenes have been detected in lymphomas and in liver and lung tumours induced in mice by 1,3-butadiene. Mutations in thep53 tumour-suppressor gene have been detected in mouse lymphomas. 

Based on their data, Zimmerli et al u estimated the mean exposure of Swiss adults to HAAs to be 5 ng (kg b.m.) 1 d, comparing this with values of about 2 ng (kg b.m.) d 1 obtained for elderly Swedes and for a US subgroup. They went on to estimate the theoretical cancer risk due to such an intake by extrapolation of the results of long-term animal experiments as 10 4, i.e., one additional tumour induced in a population of 10k individuals exposed during their entire lifespan. For comparison, the comparable risk due to naturally occurring radioactive potassium is 10 3 and the risk of dying by lightening in Switzerland is 10 4 to 10 5. 

Unfried K, Kociok N, Roller M, et al. 1997a. P53 mutations in tumours induced by intraperitoneal injection of crocidolite asbestos and benzo[a]pyrene in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 49 181-187. 

Oshimura M, Gilmer TM, and Barrett JC (1985) Nonrandom loss of chromosome 15 in Syrian hamster tumours induced by v-Ha-ras plus v-myc oncogenes. Nature 316(6029) 636-639. 

Den Engelse L, Hollander CF, Misdorp W. 1974. A sex-dependent difference in the type of tumours induced by dimethyl nitrosamine in the livers of C3HF mice. Eur J Cancer 10 129-135. 

Ireton HJC, McGiven AR, Davies DJ. 1972. Renal mesenchymal tumour induced in rats by dimethylnitrosamine light- and electron-microscope studies. Path 108 181. 

Juhasz J, Balo J, Szende B. 1966. Tumour-inducing effect of hydrazine in mice. Nature 5043 1377. 

Thunhorst RL, Fitts DA. Peripheral angiotensin causes salt appetite in rats. Am J Physiol 1994 267 R171-R177. Tisdale MJ, Beck S A. Inhibition of tumour-induced lipolysis in vitro and cachexia and tumour growth in vivo... 

Fig. 9. Graph of temperature rise vs. time as a function of microwave heating (and subsequent cooling periods), in a tumour induced in a rat. The temperature was measured using a Co chemical shift method. The error bars correspond to one standard deviation. (Fig. from ref. 113, Copyright 1996 by Academic Press, reproduced by permission of the publisher.)...

Paraneoplastic autoimmune syndromes. Autoimmune diseases that are caused by tumour-induced perturbations of the immune system with damaging effects on various organ systems (e.g. cancer-associated retinopathy, paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, paraneoplastic cutaneous syndromes). In most cases, autoantibodies generated by antitumour immunity are responsible for the tissue injury. 

Bland MR, Carr TEF, Loutit JF, et al. 1972. Tumours induced by 90Sr in normal and chimaerical CBA/H mice. In International Conference on Strontium Metabolism, ed. Second international conference on strontium metabolism, Glasgow and Strontian, 16-19 August, 1972. TID 4500 59th ed. Health and Safety Laboratory / U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 167-172. 

The metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied intensively since 1933, when Cook et al. [106] isolated tumours induced by... 

Myeloperoxidase is only one of the peroxidases in mammalian tissues utilizing hydrogen peroxide as the cofactor. The peroxidase content in cells from rat mammary tumours induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene was much higher in tumours compared to normal tissue [70]. H2O2 production rates by human tumour cells, initially around 10 pmol dm s if the cell volume is nominally 1 pL, were reported to be comparable (over a 4 h period) to the levels produced by stimulated neutrophils in the respiratory burst [71]. Since peroxidases are capable of catalysing the oxidation of many potential drugs [72], this oxidative activity is the basis for a new approach to the oxidation therapy of cancer [73], as discussed below. 

The first evidence for a tumour-inducing virus was from sarcomas in domestic fowl. Rous discovered in 1907 that a cell-fi"ee extract prepared from the minced extract of a sarcoma found in a Plymouth Rock caused sarcomas when injected into other domestic fowl. He postulated that the tumour was transmitted by a virus. The discovery received little attention then since it did not fit with the generally held theories of cancer at that time. Many years later, when a number of oncogenic viruses had been identified, the importance of Rous early discovery became apparent. Rous was awarded the Nobel prize... 

C11H21O13P 392.253 Prod, in crown gall tumours induced by nopaline strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 

Constit. of the disaccharide from the culture media of the crown gall tumour inducing organism Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 

---