Body-scanning

Thomas RG. 1970. Estimation of241 Am body burdens by analysis of whole-body scanning, excreta, and body weight data. Health Phys 19 751-755. 

Evaluating recurrent or residual follicular cell tumors (treated previously by thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation) when serum thyroglobulin >10 ng/ml and 2 1 whole-body scan is negative (October 2003) Detecting pretreatment metastases in newly diagnosed cervical cancer after negative conventional imaging (January 2005)... 

Figure 8. Whole-body scans of the subject in Figure 7 (A) mI scan shows only the stomach (B) inIn-BLEDTA scan shows tumors (arrows) and also uptake of radioactivity in skeleton, kidney, and blood pool.

An activity of 5 mCi (185 MBq) was injected into a healthy beagle dog. Whole body scans were obtained 1, 4 and 24 h post-injection, with an energy window centred on 140 keV but fully open to detect all bremsstrahlung. In most cases, the images could not be evaluated owing to the extremely dispersed nature of the incoming radiation originating from the animal. 

FIG. 7.8. Ventrodorsal whole body scan of a dog with an insulinoma, injected with 185 MBq of In-DOTATOC. The solid arrows point to the lesions the dashed arrows indicate the heart and kidneys. 

In widely metastatic follicular carcinomas with relatively well-preserved function, sufficient thyroid hormone can he synthesized and secreted to produce thyrotoxicosis. In most instances, a previous diagnosis of thyroid mahgnancy has been made. The diagnosis can be confirmed by whole-body scanning. Treatment with I is generally effective at ablating functioning thyroid metastases. 

An important advantage of a CT transmission scan in the PET/CT system is that the scan data can be used for attenuation correction of PET emission images, obviating the need for a separate lengthy transmission scan in the dedicated PET system. The use of CT scans for attenuation correction reduces the whole-body scan time significantly. CT attenuation correction and fusion of CT and PET images are discussed in detail in Chap. 3. 

Write nuclear equations for (a) alpha emission hy polonium-210, used in radiation therapy, (b) beta emission by gold-198, used to assess kidney activity, (c) positron emission by nitrogen-13, used in making brain, heart, and liver images, and (d) electron capture by gallium-67, used to do whole body scans for tumors. 

A considerable advance in the management of thyroid cancer has resulted from the introduction of recombinant human TSH (thyrogen). A dose of 0.9 mg is administered intramuscularly, followed by an identical dose 24 hours later. The serum thyroglobuLin is then measured 48-72 hours after the second TSH injection this has become the preferred diagnostic test for following patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who have had thyroidectomy and ablation of any remnant tissue with radioactive iodine. This regimen can also be used to stimulate iodine uptake by malignant cells in a total body scan (see below). 

International Union Against Cancer Ultrasound US Air Force Whole body scan... 

The most important prognostic factor for all types of thyroid carcinoma is the TNM status including the invasion of blood and lymph vessels and metastatic spread. For the monitoring of thyroid carcinoma two methods are usually used the nuclear body-scan with radioactive iodine and measuring of serum thyroglobulin, but we have to consider that both methods can reliably detect systemic metastatic spread or relapse of thyroid carcinoma only, if thyroid tissue has been completely removed. 

You find the lump or the swollen lymph node perhaps as you are showering one morning. It has to be nothing, you tell yourself. The fear grows with each test the mammogram and ultrasound where the technician will not make eye contact, or the body scans and blood work, and the biopsy. Then the waiting. Three days pass, then four. The phone rings, and it s your doctor. Why is there suddenly no air... 

Already, oncologists routinely order PET scans to stage a patient s cancer or to look for new cancers. Breast tumors, for example, consume more FDG than the surrounding tissue. So the tumors trap the FDG and appear as hot spots. These whole-body scans move from the mid-thigh to about the base of the skull. It would take little extra time or expense to continue scanning to the top of the head and image the brain and would require no extra exposure to radiation from the FDG. 

Daanen, H., Hong, S., 2008. Made-to-measure pattern development based on 3D whole body scans. Int. J. Clothing Sci. Technol. 20 (1), 15-25. 

Quinn, B., 2010. Textile Futures Fashion, Design and Technology. Berg, Oxford/New York. Reilly, L., 2014. The shift from 3D body scanned data to the physical world. In Shapeshifting. 

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