Whole body scan

Thomas RG. 1970. Estimation of241 Am body burdens by analysis of whole-body scanning, excreta, and body weight data. Health Phys 19 751-755. 

Evaluating recurrent or residual follicular cell tumors (treated previously by thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation) when serum thyroglobulin >10 ng/ml and 2 1 whole-body scan is negative (October 2003) Detecting pretreatment metastases in newly diagnosed cervical cancer after negative conventional imaging (January 2005)... 

Figure 8. Whole-body scans of the subject in Figure 7 (A) mI scan shows only the stomach (B) inIn-BLEDTA scan shows tumors (arrows) and also uptake of radioactivity in skeleton, kidney, and blood pool.

An activity of 5 mCi (185 MBq) was injected into a healthy beagle dog. Whole body scans were obtained 1, 4 and 24 h post-injection, with an energy window centred on 140 keV but fully open to detect all bremsstrahlung. In most cases, the images could not be evaluated owing to the extremely dispersed nature of the incoming radiation originating from the animal. 

FIG. 7.8. Ventrodorsal whole body scan of a dog with an insulinoma, injected with 185 MBq of In-DOTATOC. The solid arrows point to the lesions the dashed arrows indicate the heart and kidneys. 

In widely metastatic follicular carcinomas with relatively well-preserved function, sufficient thyroid hormone can he synthesized and secreted to produce thyrotoxicosis. In most instances, a previous diagnosis of thyroid mahgnancy has been made. The diagnosis can be confirmed by whole-body scanning. Treatment with I is generally effective at ablating functioning thyroid metastases. 

An important advantage of a CT transmission scan in the PET/CT system is that the scan data can be used for attenuation correction of PET emission images, obviating the need for a separate lengthy transmission scan in the dedicated PET system. The use of CT scans for attenuation correction reduces the whole-body scan time significantly. CT attenuation correction and fusion of CT and PET images are discussed in detail in Chap. 3. 

Write nuclear equations for (a) alpha emission hy polonium-210, used in radiation therapy, (b) beta emission by gold-198, used to assess kidney activity, (c) positron emission by nitrogen-13, used in making brain, heart, and liver images, and (d) electron capture by gallium-67, used to do whole body scans for tumors. 

International Union Against Cancer Ultrasound US Air Force Whole body scan... 

Already, oncologists routinely order PET scans to stage a patient s cancer or to look for new cancers. Breast tumors, for example, consume more FDG than the surrounding tissue. So the tumors trap the FDG and appear as hot spots. These whole-body scans move from the mid-thigh to about the base of the skull. It would take little extra time or expense to continue scanning to the top of the head and image the brain and would require no extra exposure to radiation from the FDG. 

Daanen, H., Hong, S., 2008. Made-to-measure pattern development based on 3D whole body scans. Int. J. Clothing Sci. Technol. 20 (1), 15-25. 

MRI is much more sensitive to the phosphorus in ATP and other mobile metabolites than it is to the P atoms in bone. It is therefore particnlarly suitable for the study of soft tissues. Excellent pictures have been obtained of such organs as brain, heart and kidney. Whole-body scanning is now a practicable technique. Some P compounds can be used as contrast agents [70], for example, (12.142) (see 7.305). 

There is equipment already in use which can carry out whole-body scans, and combine H MRI with 3 P MRS. Instrumentation is presently undergoing vay rapid development and it seems not unlikely that the two techniques (both utilising P resonance) will become leading methods for the diagnosis of disease, assessment of drug effects and the observation of the results of surgery, etc. Widespread application and use has so far been somewhat limited by the high initial cost of equipment. 

Based in a publication from 2013 from Daanen and Haar, there are currently available on the market various 3D whole body scanning systems, as the ones presented in Table 2. 

Table 2. Currently available 3D whole body scanning systems (Daanen and Haar, 2013). 

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