Liver MR images

Fig. 1. Liver MR images before and after administration of a super-paramagnetic contrast agent.

Kim, Y.K., Lee, J.M., and Kim, C.S. (2004) Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced liver MR imaging value of dynamic and delayed imaging for the characterization and detection of focal liver lesions. European Radiology, 14, 5-13. 

C. S. Landis, K. Yamanouchi, H. Zhou, S. Mohan, N. Roy-Chowdhury, D. A. Shafritz, A. Koretsky, J. Roy-Chowdhury, H. P. Hetherington and C. Guha, Noninvasive evaluation of liver repopulation by transplanted hepatocytes using P MRS imaging in mice. Hepatology, 2006, 44,1250-1258. 

Spinazzi, A., Lorusso, V., Pirovano, G, and Kirchin, M. (1999) Safety, tolerance, biodistribution, and MR imaging enhancement of the liver with gadobenate dimeglumine results of clinical pharmacologic and pilot imaging studies in nonpatient and patient volunteers. Academic Radiology, 6, 282-291. 

Karabulut, N. and Elmas, N. (2006) Contrast agents used in MR imaging of the liver. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 12, 22-30. 

Bald, N.C. and Semelka, R.C. (2005) Contrast agents for MR imaging of the liver. Radiologic Clinics of North America, 43, 887-898. 

Petersein, 1., Spinazzi, A., Giovagnoni, A., et al. (2000) Focal liver lesions evaluation of the efficacy of gadobenate dimeglumine in MR imaging - A multicenter phase III clinical study. Radiology, 215, 727-736. 

Huppertz, A., Balzer, T., Blakeborough, A., et al. (2004) Improved detection of focal liver lesions at MR imaging multicenter comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR images with intraoperative findings. Radiology, 230, 266-275. 

Yoo, H.J., Lee, J.M., Lee, M.W., et al. (2008) Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic liver double-contrast-enhanced, high-resolution 3. OT-MR imaging with pathologic correlation. Investigative Radiology, 43, 538-546. 

P.N. Hepatic iron deposition on MR imaging in patients with chronic liver disease correlation with serial serum ferritin concentration. Ab-dom. Imag. 2001 26 149-156... 

Lavelle, M.T., Lee, V.S., Rofsky, N.M., Krinsky, G.A., Weinreb, J.C. Dynamic contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR imaging of liver... 

Matsuo, M., Kanematsu, M., Kim, T., Hori, M., Takamura, M., Murakami, T., Kondo, H., Moriyama, N., Nakamura, H., Hoshi, H. Esophageal varices Diagnosis with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of the liver for patients with chronic liver damage. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 2003 180 461-466... 

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Levenson, H., Greensite, F., Hoefs, J., Friloux, L., Applegate, G., Silva, E., Kanel, G., Buxton, R. Fatty infiltration of the liver quantification with phase-contrast MR imaging at 1.5 T vs biopsy. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1991 156 307-312... 

Ital, Y., Ohnlshl, S., Ohtomo, K., Kokubo, T., Yoshlda, H., Yoshikawa, K., Imawarl, M. Regenerating nodules of liver cirrhosis MR imaging. Radiology 1987 165 419-423... 

Matsui, O., Kadoya, M., Kameyama, T., Yoshikawa, X, Aral, K., Gabata, T., Kakashima, T., Nakanuma, Y., Terada, T., Ida. M. Adenomatosis hyperplastic nodules in the cirrhotic liver differentiation from hepatocellular carcinoma with MR imaging. Radiology 1989 173 123-126... 

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Ward, J., Guthrie, J.A., Scott, D.J., Atchley, J., Wilson, D., Davies, M.H., Wyatt, J.L, Robinson, P.J. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver Double-contrast MR imaging for diagnosis. Radiology 2000 216 154-162... 

Influence of several nitrosyl-iron complexes on relaxation rates was assessed to establish a MR imaging technique for nitric oxide (NO). " To induce formation of nitrosyl-ion complexes in a biological tissue, isolated rat liver was perfused with a saline solution of the NO donor sodium nitroprus-side (SNP), and the MR signal intensity was examined thereafter. Nitrosyl-iron complexes exhibit a contrast effect at MR imaging that can be exploited for NO imaging in living animals and patients with conventional MR imaging. 

Fig. 3 (A) Three-dimensional MIP MR images of a mouse bearing MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma xenografts injected with a PHPMA-GlyPheLeuGly-l,2-ethylenediamine-(Gd-D03A) conjugate with a molecular weight of 121 kDa before contrast and at various time points after intravenous injection of the conjugates at a dose of 0.03 mmol-Gd/kg-Arrows indicate the liver (J), heart (2), and tumor tissue (3). (B) Color-coded 2D axial spin-echo Ti-weighted MR images of a mouse injected with the conjugate before contrast and at various time points after the injection...

Fig. 4.9a-g. Hepatoblastoma, a Plain film demonstrates hepatomegaly and multiple round lesions in the chest. Patient with hepatoblastoma in which (bl) US shows highly echogenic lesion posteriorly in the liver scar may be visible and (b2) MR image of same, in the coronal plane, c-e CT of the abdomen depicts heterogeneous enhancement of multiple lesions, with tumor extension into the IVC (arrow). f,g CT of chest reveals multiple metastatic lesions... 

Chan JH, Tsui EYK, Luk SH et al (2001) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the liver distinguishing hepatic abscess from cystic or necrotic tumor. Abdom Imaging 26 161-165... 

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