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Blood glucose normal

A 23-year-old woman took chlorpropamide 5-10 g. She needed assisted respiration and cardiac pacing for bradycardia (probably due to blockade of potassium channels), fluid infusion, and forced diuresis for 3 days. Notwithstanding continuous glucose infusion and glucose boluses she relapsed into severe hypoglycemia with convulsions. Only on day 27 was her urine free of chlorpropamide and her blood glucose normal. [Pg.450]

Metformin. Metformin [657-24-9] (1,1-dimethylbiguanide), mol wt 129.17, forms crystals from propanol, mp 218—220°C, and is soluble in water and 95% ethanol, but practically insoluble in ether and chloroform. Metformin, an investigational dmg in the United States, does not increase basal or meal-stimulated insulin secretion. It lowers blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic patients with Type II diabetes but has no effect on blood glucose levels in normal subjects. It does not cause hypoglycemia. Successful metformin therapy usually is associated with no or some weight loss. [Pg.342]

Insulin is a peptide hormone, secreted by the pancreas, that regulates glucose metabolism in the body. Insufficient production of insulin or failure of insulin to stimulate target sites in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue leads to the serious metabolic disorder known as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes afflicts millions of people worldwide. Diabetic individuals typically exhibit high levels of glucose in the blood, but insulin injection therapy allows diabetic individuals to maintain normal levels of blood glucose. [Pg.207]

Insulin resistance occurs when the normal response to a given amount of insulin is reduced. Resistance of liver to the effects of insulin results in inadequate suppression of hepatic glucose production insulin resistance of skeletal muscle reduces the amount of glucose taken out of the circulation into skeletal muscle for storage and insulin resistance of adipose tissue results in impaired suppression of lipolysis and increased levels of free fatty acids. Therefore, insulin resistance is associated with a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including elevated blood glucose levels, abnormal blood lipid profile (dyslipidemia), hypertension, and increased expression of inflammatory markers (inflammation). Insulin resistance and this cluster of metabolic abnormalities is strongly associated with obesity, predominantly abdominal (visceral) obesity, and physical inactivity and increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disease, as well as some forms of cancer. In addition to obesity, other situations in which insulin resistance occurs includes... [Pg.636]

Euglycaemia, blood glucose concentration within the normal range e.g. fasting blood glucose 3.5 - 6.5 mmol/1 postprandial blood glucose 5-11 mmol/1. [Pg.883]

Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, acts to maintain blood glucose levels within normal limits (60-120 mg/dL). This is accomplished by die release of small amounts of insulin into die bloodstream tiirough-out the day in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Insulin is essential for die utilization of glucose in cellular metabolism and for die proper metabolism of protein and fat. [Pg.487]

The therapeutic effect is achieved and normal or near-normal blood glucose levels are maintained. [Pg.499]

Once the blood glucose values in the treated animals had returned to the high, diabetic levels, a second injection of insuUn-containing microspheres again reduced these levels to normal for about 5 more days. It is therefore possible to incorporate labile biological products into the polyanhydrides and to release them in a biologically active form. At the same time, this release can be sustained over a period of time in a controlled fashion. [Pg.58]

It may be identified as a nonequilibrium reaction in which the of the enzyme is considerably lower than the normal substrate concentration. The first reaction in glycolysis, catalyzed by hexokinase (Figure 17-2), is such a flux-generating step because its for glucose of 0.05 mmol/L is well below the normal blood glucose concentration of 5 mmol/L. [Pg.129]

At normal systemic-blood glucose concentrations (4.5-5.5 mmol/L), the liver is a net producer of glucose. However, as the glucose level rises, the output of glucose ceases, and there is a net uptake. [Pg.160]

Figure 19-6. Glucose tolerance test. Blood glucose curves of a normal and a diabetic individual after oral administration of 50 g of glucose. Note the initial raised concentration in the diabetic. A criterion of normality is the return of the curve to the initial value within 2 hours. Figure 19-6. Glucose tolerance test. Blood glucose curves of a normal and a diabetic individual after oral administration of 50 g of glucose. Note the initial raised concentration in the diabetic. A criterion of normality is the return of the curve to the initial value within 2 hours.
Rice bran is the richest natural source of B-complex vitamins. Considerable amounts of thiamin (Bl), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5) and pyridoxin (B6) are available in rice bran (Table 17.1). Thiamin (Bl) is central to carbohydrate metabolism and kreb s cycle function. Niacin (B3) also plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism for the synthesis of GTF (Glucose Tolerance Factor). As a pre-cursor to NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-oxidized form), it is an important metabolite concerned with intracellular energy production. It prevents the depletion of NAD in the pancreatic beta cells. It also promotes healthy cholesterol levels not only by decreasing LDL-C but also by improving HDL-C. It is the safest nutritional approach to normalizing cholesterol levels. Pyridoxine (B6) helps to regulate blood glucose levels, prevents peripheral neuropathy in diabetics and improves the immune function. [Pg.357]

Amadori-type early glycosylation products (Brownlee et /., 1988). Protein that has been glycated in vitro is con-formationally altered. For example, the amount of early glycosylation products in vivo in diabetics, whether on haemoglobin (Hb) or basement membrane, increases when blood glucose levels are normalized by treatment. [Pg.41]

Diabetes Impaired insulin tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice Normalizes blood glucose levels [58]... [Pg.183]


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