Insulin tolerance

Diabetes Impaired insulin tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice Normalizes blood glucose levels [58]... 

Insulin tolerance Administer insulin IV to Serum cortisol concentration Distinguishes between normal individuals and... 

The unstimulated serum cortisol and rapid ACTH stimulation tests are useful in the diagnosis of adrenal crisis (Table 42-2). The insulin tolerance test is contraindicated owing to preexisting hypoglycemia. The metyrapone test is also contraindicated because metyrapone inhibits cortisol production. 

Drug/Lab test interactions These agents may produce hypoglycemia and interfere with glucose or insulin tolerance tests. Propranolol and betaxolol may interfere with the glaucoma screening test due to a reduction in intraocular pressure. 

Hypokalemia occurred in 29 children undergoing insulin tolerance tests the mean serum potassium concentration at the start was 4.1 mmol/1, falling to a mean of 3 mmol/1 at 30 minutes (108). Ten children had a serum potassium concentration below 2.9 mmol/1 and one had a concentration of 2.2 mmol/1. There were no cardiac events. 

An 8-year-old girl had an insulin tolerance test with 0.05IU/kg to assess growth hormone concentrations. The blood glucose concentration fell to 0.9 mmol/1 and she was given intravenous dextrose. She had a generalized seizure and developed ventricular flutter. 

Binder G, Bosk A, Gass M, Ranke MB, Heidemann PH. Insulin tolerance test causes hypokalaemia and can provoke cardiac arrhythmias. Hormone Res 2004 62 84-7. 

Key words Type II diabetes mellitus, drug discovery, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test,... 

Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Tolerance, and Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Tests... 

Reddi A, DeAngelis B, Frank O, Lasker N, and Baker H (1988) Biotin supplementation improves glucose and insulin tolerances in genetically diabetic KK mice. Life Sciences 42, 1323-30. 

A series of 4-oxazoleacetic acid derivatives was identified as a group of potential hypoglycaemic agents in mice via the insulin tolerance test [197]. The most potent compound, AD-4610 (33), was found to potentiate biphasic glucose-induced insulin secretion in the perfused pancreas and in normal rats in a glucose-dependent fashion. AD-4610 also lowers plasma glucose in yellow KK mice, a model of NIDDM in which tolbutamide is inactive [198]. Development of AD-4610 and/or analogues is reported to have been discontinued [167]. 

Glipizide, 15 mg, potentiated insulin action and amplified plasma insulin response to meals more than glyburide, 15 mg, which improved insulin sensitivity, as assessed by an insulin-tolerance test, more than glyburide. The two agents both improved glucose control by 25% compared with placebo (Groop et al., 1985). 

BOX Sb-3 Protocol for the Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia Stimulation T t -(Insulin Tolerance Test)... 

Penney R, Blizzard RM, Davis WT. Sequential arginine and insulin tolerance tests. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1969 29 1499-501. 

Type 2 diabetes, which results from the body s inability to respond properly to insulin still produced in the pancreas. On a cellular basis, this type of insulin tolerance or insulin resistance can be traced back to a lack of response of the membrane-bound insulin receptor and/or a decrease in receptor density. About 90% of the diabetes cases worldwide fall into this category, which most frequently occurs in elderly adults, but is being noticed increasingly in obese adolescents. Little is known about why insulin resistance occurs. One suggestion is that increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important trigger. ] The biochemical aspects of type 2 diabetes have been reviewed. ]... 

In this section, the present view will be outlined of the action of insulin in stimulating the cellular uptake of glucose, and the interference of vanadate in the absence of insulin (diabetes I), insulin tolerance (diabetes II) or as a synergistically insulin-enhancing agent. This will be done on a somewhat simplified basis, amenable to those (including the author) who are less familiar with biochemical depths. For a more detailed discussion, see, e.g., refs 2 and 38a (on the mechanism of the action of insulin) and refs 15, 17 and 18 (include the targeting points of vanadium compounds). Many of the details of... 

The hypolhalmic-piiuiiary-adreno-cortical axis may be investigated by performing an insulin tolerance test (ITf). The details and hazards of this lest have been previously de.scribed (p. 77). 

The insulin tolerance test is used in diagnosis of pituitary insufficiency which may lead to secondary failure of the adrenal cortex. 

To confirm hypercortisolism, early morning urinary corlisohcreatinine ratios will be elevated, diurnal rhythm of serum cortisol will be absent, there will be no cortisol rise during an insulin-tolerance test, and serum cortisol will not suppress with a low dose of dexamethasone. 

Fig. 11-6 Different plasma glucose response in two different patients after a meal one who is insulin tolerant and one who is insulin intolerant, for example, as occurs in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

This test is completely free from side effects and can be performed in conjunction with the TRH test and the insulin tolerance test, since there is no interaction between the various hormones released (MIO). This procedure provides a test of pituitary reserve of LH, FSH, TSH, PRL, GH, and ACTH. 

Caesar R, Reigstad CS, Backhed HK, et al. Gut-derived lipopolysaccharide augments adipose macrophage accumulation but is not essential for impaired glucose or insulin tolerance in mice. Gut. 2012 61(12) 1701—1707. 

Clinically, in overweight people with DM2, Brynes et al. (2000) did not find an association with dietary fatty acid manipulations (MUFA, 20.3 3.5% energy versus PUFA, 13.4 1.3% energy) on insulin sensitivity, assessed by the short-insulin tolerance test. This study was limited by a small sample size (n = 9). 

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