Fasting blood glucose

Euglycaemia, blood glucose concentration within the normal range e.g. fasting blood glucose 3.5 - 6.5 mmol/1 postprandial blood glucose 5-11 mmol/1. 

Laboratory Tests The following tests may indicate additional cardiovascular risk factors or poor control of diabetes. Elevated fasting lipid panel Elevated fasting blood glucose Hemoglobin A1c greater than 7.0%... 

Fasting blood glucose of 100 mg/dL (5.55 mmol/L) or greater or active treatment for diabetes. 

Electrolytes and renal function are within normal limits. Fasting blood glucose level is 206 mg/dL (11.43 mmol/L), HbA1c is 8.5%, and (-) microalbumin. GH level following an oral glucose tolerance test is 8 ng/mL (8 mcg/L). Elevated IGF-I at 790 ng/mL (790 mcg/L)... 

Glucose tolerance testing Fasting blood glucose, HbAlc if... 

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than or equal to 130 to 159 mg/dL (3.37 to 4.12 mmol/L) plus two additional risk factors High-density lipoprotein cholesterol less than 35 mg/dL (0.91 mmol/L) Impaired fasting glucose [fasting blood glucose 100-125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L)]... 

Fasting blood glucose Hemoglobin A Hemoglobin A, Urine ketones Urine glucose... 

HDL, high-density lipoprotein LDL, low-density lipoprotein FBG, fasting blood glucose HbAic, gfyc- ... 

Dose adjustment Determine dosing adjustments by blood glucose response, usually fasting blood glucose (FPG). Double the preprandial dose up to 4 mg with each meal until satisfactory blood glucose response is achieved. At least 1 week should elapse to assess response after each dose adjustment. 

Monitoring See Warnings. Perform periodic fasting blood glucose and HbAic measurements to monitor therapeutic response. Liver enzyme monitoring is recommended prior to initiation of therapy in all patients and periodically thereafter. Type 1 diabetes Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are active only in the presence of... 

Diabetes - In clinical trials, small increases in fasting blood glucose were... 

Hyperglycemia - A total of 32% of daclizumab-treated patients (16% for placebo) had high fasting blood-glucose values. Most of these high values occurred either on the first day post-transplant when patients received high doses of corticosteroids or in patients with diabetes. 

Blood glucose—biggest effect noted on postprandial values (50-75 mg/dl reductions expected) minimal effect on fasting blood glucose... 

Correct answer = B. Insulin resistance is the decreased ability of target tissues, such as liver, adipose, and muscle, to respond properly to normal circulating concentrations of insulin. Obesity is the most common cause of insulin resistance. Most of the people with obesity and insulin resistance do not become diabetic. In the absence of a defect in p cell function, non-diabetic, obese individuals can compensate for insulin resistant with elevated levels of insulin. The elevated insulin levels normalize fasting blood glucose levels. Insulin resistance without overt diabetes requires no treatment... 

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of syndromes characterized by an elevation of fasting blood glucose that is caused by a relative or absolute deficiency in insulin. Diabetes is the leading cause of adult blindness and amputation and a major cause of renal failure, heart attack, and stroke. The disease can be classified into two groups, type 1 and type 2. 

In a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 81 patients, in whom treatment with metformin was inadequate, received extra acarbose or placebo during 24 weeks after a 4-week run-in period to establish the optimal dose of acarbose (28). HbAic was reduced by 1.02% and fasting blood glucose by 1.13 mmol/1. Gastrointestinal adverse effects were more common in the acarbose group. 

In 82 children aged 10-16 years with type 2 diabetes, metformin lowered HbAic and fasting blood glucose compared with placebo (12). More patients who took placebo had to drop out because more medication was necessary. Most of the adverse events (abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting) occurred during metformin treatment. 

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