Blood Cell Count

Hematology. The functional status of blood and of the blood-forming tissues can be assessed by tests which include red and white blood cell counts, platelet counts, clotting time, coagulation tests, and examination of bone marrow. Such tests, in addition to detecting abnormahties, may also allow differentiation between primary and secondary effects on blood and blood-forming tissues (75). 

The aperture impedance principle of blood cell counting and sizing, also called the Coulter principle (5), exploits the high electrical resistivity of blood cell membranes. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets can all be counted. In the aperture impedance method, blood cells are first diluted and suspended ia an electrolytic medium, then drawn through a narrow orifice (aperture) separating two electrodes (Fig. 1). In the simplest form of the method, a d-c current flows between the electrodes, which are held at different electrical potentials. The resistive cells reduce the current as the cells pass through the aperture, and the current drop is sensed as a change in the aperture resistance. 

Haematological characteristics (haemoglobin level, red blood and white blood cell counts, platelet count, blood clotting time). 

Other adverse reactions associated with penicillin are hematopoietic changes such as anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), leukopenia (low white blood cell count), and bone marrow depression. When penicillin is given orally, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), stomatitis (inflammation of die mouth), dry mouth, gastritis, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain occur. When penicillin is given intramuscularly (IM), there may be pain at die injection site Irritation of the vein and phlebitis (inflammation of a vein) may occur witii intravenous (IV) administration. 

More than half of the patients receiving this drug by the parenteral route experience some adverse reaction. Severe and sometimes life-threatening reactions include leukopenia (low white blood cell count), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and hypotension (low blood pressure). Moderate or less severe reactions include changes in some laboratory tests, such as the serum creatinine and liver function tests. Other adverse reactions include anxiety, headache, hypotension, chills, nausea, and anorexia Aerosol administration may result in fatigue a metallic taste in the mouth, shortness of breath, and anorexia... 

MTX is a potentially toxic dmg that is also used in the treatment of malignancies and psoriasis. Nausea, vomiting, a decreased platelet count, leukopenia (decreased white blood cell count), stomatitis (inflammation of the oral cavity), rash, pruritus, dermatitis, diarrhea, alopecia (loss of hair), and diarrhea may be seen with the administration of this dmg. 

New Zealand) (GW) Hemato 15.1 M (reduced red blood cell counts, packed cell volume and hemoglobin) Technical... 

Hematological Effects. Normal hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, and differential... 

The life span of the normal red blood cell is 120 days this means that slightly less than 1% of the population of red cells (200 billion cells, or 2 million per second) is replaced daily. The new red cells that appear in the circulation still contain ribosomes and elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. The RNA of the ribosomes can be detected by suitable stains (such as cresyl blue), and cells containing it are termed reticulocytes they normally number about 1% of the total red blood cell count. The life span of the red blood cell can be dramatically shortened in a variety of hemolytic anemias. The number of reticulocytes is markedly increased in these conditions, as the bone marrow attempts to compensate for rapid breakdown of red blood cells by increasing the amount of new, young red cells in the circulation. 

Hematological Methods. Hematological analyses can Include the determination of the total hemoglobin concentration (In g%), the packed cell volume (PCV In %), the red blood cell count (In 10 /mm ) and reticulocytes count (In %), calculation of the red cell Indices, examination of a blood film, tests to demonstrate the presence of Inclusion bodies and of sickle cells, tests to evaluate the distribution of fetal hemoglobin (Hb-F) Inside the red cells, the red cell osmotic fragility, the concentration of serum Iron (SI), total Iron binding capacity (TIBC), and the survival time of the red cells. Details of all... 

BP, blood pressure BUN, blood urea nitrate CBC, complete blood cell count ECC, electrocardiogram HF, heart failure HR, heart rate K+, potassium SCr, serum creatinine SOB, shortness of breath. 

Prior to initiating treatment with a LMWH, baseline laboratory tests should include PT (prothrombin time)/INR, aPTT, complete blood cell count (CBC), and serum creatinine. Monitor the CBC every 3 to 4 days during the first 2 weeks of therapy, and every 2 to 4 weeks with extended use.5 Use LMWHs cautiously in patients with renal impairment. Specific dosing recommendations for patients with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) less than 30 mL/minute are currently available for enoxaparin but lacking for other agents of the class (Table 7-3). Current guidelines recommend the use of UFH over LMWH in patients with severe renal dysfunction (CrCl less than 30 mL/minute).8... 

Complete blood cell count (CBC) with platelets... 

Normal except for an eosinophil count of 7% of the total white blood cell count... 

White blood cell count with an associated increase in polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and bands may occur in acute pulmonary infection however, infection may occur without these laboratory abnormalities. 

Obtain a baseline complete blood cell count (CBC). Recheck the CBC if the patient exhibits alarm signs or symptoms. 

Complete blood cell count (CBC) may identify anemia, which may suggest blood loss and an organic source for Gl symptoms. 

Monitor complete blood cell count, serum electrolytes and chemistries, stool guaiac, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate yearly for changes that might signal an overlapping organic problem. 

Signs and symptoms of SBP in a patient with cirrhosis and ascites should prompt a diagnostic paracentesis (Fig. 19-4). In SBP, there is decreased total serum protein, elevated white blood cell count (with left shift), and the ascitic fluid contains at least 0.250 x 103/mm3 (0.250 x 109/L) neutrophils. Bacterial culture of ascitic fluid may be positive, but lack of growth does not exclude the diagnosis. 

Other possible laboratory abnormalities include elevated white blood cell count, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hypertriglyceridemia. 

The goals of treatment for acute pancreatitis include (1) resolution of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever (2) ability to tolerate oral intake (3) normalization of serum amylase, lipase, and white blood cell count and (4) resolution of abscess, pseudocyst, or fluid collection as measured by CT scan. 

Current NKF guidelines define anemia as a hemoglobin (Hgb) level less than 11 g/dL (6.8 mmol/L).31 A number of factors can contribute to the development of anemia, including deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate, hemolysis, bleeding, or bone marrow suppression. Many of these can be detected by alterations in RBC indices, which should be included in the evaluation for anemia. A complete blood cell count is also helpful in evaluating anemia to determine overall bone marrow function. 

Criteria for diagnosis Five or more attacks fulfilling the above criteria are necessary for diagnosis Laboratory assessments that may be helpful in excluding medical comorbidities Complete blood cell count (CBC), chemistry panel, thyroid function tests, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)... 

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