Blends Containing Polyester Fibers

To improve the lightfastness of dyes used to color car fittings, benzophenone or triazole compounds are often employed in the dyebath or as aftertreatment [140], 

The favorable technological properties of synthetic fibers are often combined with the pleasant feel and wearing comfort of natural fibers. Hence, the introduction of man-made fibers has resulted in rapid expansion of the mixed processing of various types of fibers. 

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BURCO CARRIER CDP is a butyl benzoate type carrier for the dyeing of polyester and triacetate fibers, and blends containing these fibers. It can be used as a carrier with disperse and cationic dyestuffs. 

The solution (pad bath) contains one or more of the amino resias described above, a catalyst, and other additives such as a softener, a stiffening agent, or a water repeUant. The catalyst may be an ammonium or metal salt, eg, magnesium chloride or ziac nitrate. Synthetic fabrics, such as nylon or polyester, are treated with amino resias to obtaia a stiff finish. Cotton (qv) or rayon fabrics or blends with synthetic fibers are treated with amino resias to obtain shrinkage control and a durable-press finish. 

Uses EVA in heat-sealable barrier coatings and hot-melt adhesives blending agent for waxes resin modifier for formulations gives fiber- or film-tearing bonds between paper substrates and nonporous pkg. materials (e.g., aluminum foil, PP and Mylar polyester films, K cellophane) Features Wax-compatible resin enhances properties of hot melt blends containing microcryst. waxes... 

The crude polyester can be melted, extruded, and then cold-drawn to form the textile fiber Dacron polyester, outstanding features of which are its stiffness (about four times that of nylon 66), very high strength, and remarkable resistance to aeasing and wrinkling. Because the early Dacron polyester fibers were harsh to the touch owing to their stiffness, they were usually blended with cotton or wool to make acceptable textile fibers. Newly developed fabrication techniques now produce less harsh Dacron polyester textile fibers. PET is also fabricated into Mylar films and recyclable plastic beverage containers. 

Basically a polymer composite contains a polymer and a nonpolymer. While polymer composites include such compositions as foams and some types of gels, this chapter will be restricted to compositions of one or more polymers and one or more nonpolymers in the bulk state. There are a few points of overlap between blends and composites polymer-impregnated wood (where wood itself is a natural polymer blend), and organic fiber (e.g., polyester) reinforced plastics constitute examples. Compositions of special interest to this chapter include glass fiber reinforced plastics, carbon black reinforced rubber, and mineral-pigmented coatings. 

Shaped articles, e.g. rods, fibers, and films, which are electrically conductive can be manufactured from composites containing a nonconductive flexible chain-carrier polymer and a conjugated polymer (e.g., POT, PDDT, poly-(thienylene vinylene)) [831,832]. Polyester blends containing PT can be used as synthetic fibers [833]. Electrically conductive resin adhesives, heat, stock, and moisture resistant with bifunctionality as adhesives and solders can consist of epoxy methacrylates and conducting polymers, e.g., PDDT, PODT [834,835]. 

Polymer blends containing a crystallizable component have attracted many scientists, both from basic research and applied research laboratories. This is probably due to the fact that the majority of commercially used thermoplastic blends and alloys contain at least one crystallizable material [5]. In order to obtain the desired product properties, it is often very important to control the crystallization process. For instance, in certain applications it is useful to have amorphous polyester (e.g., PET, as a package material), whereas for other applications a higher degree of crystallinity is necessary (e.g., as a fiber material). In amorphous/crystalline polymer blends the crystallization behavior is often strongly influenced by the amorphous component. Usually, the crystallization rate of the crystalline polymer is reduced by the amorphous polymer. In most systems this is caused by an increase... 

Liquefied biomass may contain low molecular weight polymers. These low molecular weight polymers can be directly used as final products such as adhesive (glue) (Chen and Chen, 1996). They also can be copolymerized to produce other polymeric materials such as polyurethane, polyester, fibers, and so on. If they are blended with other biomass particles, such as lignocellulosic particles or distiller s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), high density panels or molded articles can be produced. 

Uses Emulsifier surfactant antifoam wetting agent lubricant for fiber-plastic contact reactive internal lubricant for polyester fiber melt spinning antifog for optical applies. reactant for PU, epoxy, polyester, and phenolic systems reactive additive for PU leather finishes blend agent Trade Names CMS-222 CMS-626 Trade Names Containing QMS435... 

In the calendering method, a PVC compound which contains plasticizers (qv) (60—120 phr), pigments (qv) (0—10 phr), fillers (qv) (20—60 phr), stabilizers (10—30 phr), and other additives, is kneaded with calender roUs at 150—200°C, followed by extmsion between clearance-adjusted roUs for bonding onto the substrate. This method is employed for products with thick PVC layers, ie, of 0.05—0.75 mm thickness. The main plasticizer used is di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP). For filler to reduce cost, calcium carbonate is mainly used. A woven or knit fabric made of cotton, rayon, nylon, polyester, and their blend fiber is used as substrate. For foamed vinyl-coated fabrics, the bonded materials are heated in an oven to decompose the foam-blowing... 

Dye Combinations. In certain cases it is desirable to print fiber blends with combiaations of the appropriate dye classes, rather than with pigments. Only polyester—ceUulose blends are of commercial importance and the foUowing dye systems have been developed for them. The dyes of the different classes are contained in the same print paste and, therefore, are appUed simultaneously in one print operation. 

Cotton Cellulose To prepare a fibrillar or macrofibrillar suspension of native cellulosic fibrils, approximately 1% of cotton fiber was blended with water for 3 h in an ordinary blender and then filtered through a polyester screen having openings of 240 X 240 /un supported by a Buechner funnel to which a vacuum was applied. The filtrate was a cloudy suspension that contained fibrils and macrofibrils ranging in size from 100A to several micrometers in width. 

It is in rtant to keep in mind that considerable amounts of these compounds (about 20% of the fiber wei ) are required in order to develop an appreciable flame resistance and that a final thermal treatment u necessary to make the coating sufficiently wa i of. The use of these compounds results in tenadty loss of 25%-30%. Another difficulty arises when treating blends of standard PET fibers and cellulosics with finishing baths containing such compounds, which general hai% a h%her affinity for cellulosics than for polyesters. This trouble may be partially, overcome by uang finishing baths of a suitable composition... 

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