Blackberries anthocyanins

It could be suggested that such rapid detections in animals or humans might come from their absorption through the gastric wall. Gastric absorptions of blackberry anthocyanins (14 and 750 xmol/L), bilberry anthocyanins... 

Felgines C, Talavera S, Texier O, Gil-lzquierdo A, Lamaison JL, Remesy C (2005) Blackberry anthocyanins are mainly recovered from urine as methylated and glncnronidated conjugates in humans. J Agric Food Chem 53 7721-7727... 

In a more recent work, proportions of anthocyanin derivatives (methylated anthocyanins and glucurono-conjugated derivatives) were identified in various organs (bladder, prostate, testes, heart, and adipose tissue) in rats fed with a blackberry anthocyanin-enriched diet for 12 days [71]. In this study, the bladder contained the highest levels of anthocyanins, followed by the prostate. Prostate, testes, and heart contained native cyanidin-3-glucoside and a small proportion of cyanidin monoglucuronide. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and methylated derivatives were present in adipose tissue. 

Felgines C, Texier O, Garcin P, Besson C, Lamaison J-L, Scalbert A (2009) Tissue distribution of anthocyanins in rats fed a blackberry anthocyanin-enriched diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 53 1098-1103... 

Anthocyanins from apples, cranberries, black chokeberries, - blackberries of an unknown cultivar, - highbush blueberries, - - Vaccinium padifolium blueberries, cv. Balaton black cherries, and black lentils" contained arabi-nose. This pentose was not found in any of the vegetables presented in Table 4.3.3. Even less widespread is xylose, found in Red Delicious apple cultivars, black chokeberries, different cultivars of blackberries, evergreen blackberries, red currants, Vaccinium padifolium blueberries, different cultivars of red rasp-berry, - - and black carrots. " ... 

However, evidence for the hnkage position of this acyl group was only reported for blood oranges at position 6 of the 3-glucose moiety. Anthocyanins acylated with malyl acid were detected only in blackberries of an unknown cultivar. "... 

Stintzing, EC. et al., A Novel zwitterionic anthocyanin from evergreen blackberry (Rubus laciniatus Willd.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 396, 2002. 

Anthocyanins Strawberry puree Blackberry puree 86-100% 100% Patras and others 2009 Patras and others 2009... 

Patras A, Brunton NP, DaPieve S and Butler F. 2009. Impact of high pressure processing on total antioxidant activity, phenolic, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content and colour of strawberry and blackberry puree. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol doi 10.1016/j.ifset.2008.12.004. 

Stintzing FC, Stintzing AS, Carle R et al (2002) A novel zwitterionic anthocyanin from evergreen blackberry (Rubus laciniatus WUld). J Agric Pood Chem 50 396-399... 

Barth, M.M. et al., Ozone storage effects on anthocyanin content and fungal growth in blackberries, J. Food Sci., 60, 1286, 1995. 

Anthocyanins are widespread in food plants, with an estimated worldwide consumption of 10000 tonnes from black grapes alone [53]. The anthocyanin content of many fruits and vegetables has been estimated by various methods (Table 16) [56-58]. The main sources of these plant pigments are fresh fruits such as cherries, plums, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, grapes, red currants and black currants. 

In addition to organic dyes, natural dyes extracted from plants can be used as photosensitizers [36,140,141]. A nanocrystalline 2 solar cell using a san-talin dye extracted from red sandalwood can produce 1.8% efficiency under 80 mW/cm2 irradiation [141]. Cherepy et al. reported that a nanocrystalline 2 solar cell using flavonoid anthocyanin dyes extracted from blackberries could convert sunlight to electrical power with an efficiency of 0.6% (Jsc = 1.5-2.2 mA/cm2 and Voc = 0.4-0.5 V) under AM 1.5 [36]. 

Flavonol glycosides were suggested as a suitable indicator of the adulteration of black currant products with red currants (74) and with blackberries (75). The black currant methanolic extract is purified using polyamide columns and analyzed for flavonoids by HPLC. Anthocyanins are removed by chromatography on Dowex 50W-X4, eluting with 70% methanol (74). Quercetin-3-0-gluccuronide was a suitable indicator to detect adulteration of blackcurrant products with blackberries (75). 

Individual anthocyanin composition is distinctive for any given plant, so anthocyanin analysis is very useful in distinguishing between species. Chemotaxonomic differentiation is commonly based on qualitative differences (163), furthermore within one cultivar (e.g., grapes) even varieties can be discriminated by quantitative differences (164). The anthocyanic profiles of 11 different grape varieties obtained with RP-HPLC are shown in Fig. 15 (165). The characteristic differences in anthocyanin patterns have also been successfully applied to the detection of adulterations in products of cranberries (166), black currants (166), blackberries (167), and grapes (168). 

Anthocyanine Red or blue depending on pH Reduced flavonoid Sambucin Elder Sambucus sp.) Blackberries, dewberries (JRubus sp. L.) Grapes (Vitis sp.) Cherries (Prunus sp. L.) ... 

Anthocyanins occur in abundance in berries where they provide the fruits with their distinctive and vibrant palate of colors. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpori), blackberry, and elderberry (Sambucus nigra) contain derivatives of only one type of anthocyanin (i.e., cyanidin), while a wide array of anthocyanins is found in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) (Fig. 1.21). 

The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in the fruits and leaves from different cultivars of the thornless blackberry (Rubus sp.), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa D.) was reported [54]. Studies on the ability of endothelial cells (EC) to incorporate anthocyanins and on the potential benefits against various oxidative stressors showed that the enrichment of EC with elderberry anthocyanins gave significant protective effects in the endothelial cells against the oxidative stressors, hydrogen peroxide, 2,2/-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, and iron(II) sulfate/ascorbic acid [55]. 

Hager, T.J., Howard, L.R. Prior, R.L. 2008b. Processing and storage effects on monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and antioxidant capacity of processed blackberry products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 689-695. 

Many natural dyes found in fruits, vegetables, and flowers act as pH indicators by changing color with changes in acidity (Fig. 15.10). A particularly striking example is cyanidin, which is responsible both for the red color of poppies and the blue color of cornflowers. The sap of the poppy is sufficiently acidic to turn cyanidin red, but the sap of the cornflower is basic and makes the dye blue. (See the image on page 625.) Related natural dyes called anthocyanins contribute to the colors of raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries. 

In other laboratory studies, anthocyanins, tannins, or other polyphenols from red grapes, black or red raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, cranberries, blueberries, goji berries (wolfberries), a ai berries, or pomegranates were shown to inhibit promotion and growth of premalignant cancer cells by the following specific mechanisms ... 

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