Biphenyls, polybrominated polychlorinated

An important application of carbon-skeleton gas chromatography is the simplification of the analysis of complex samples such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls and polychloroalkanes [709-711], These complex mixtures of halogenated isomers produce multiple peaks when separated by gas chromatography, making quantitation difficult. The isomers have identical carbon skeletons, resulting in a very simple chromatogram after hydrodechlorination. 

Table 1 Concentrations of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CIPAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in ambient air, soil, and human samples collected from e-waste recycling and reference sites in China... 

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) Polybrominated biphenyls Polybrominated biphenyl ethers Flame retardants... 

Berry DL, Slaga TJ, DiGiovarmi J, et al. 1979. Studies with chlorinated dibenzo-(p)-dioxins, polybrominated biphenyls, and polychlorinated biphenyls in a two-stage system of mouse skin tumorigenesis Potent anticarcinogenic effects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 320 405-414. 

Michels Blanck H, Marcus M, Rubin C, et al. 2000b. Growth in girls exposed perinatally to polybrominated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls. Am J Epidemiol 151(11) S23. 

A majority of U.S. biomonitoring efforts measure such analytes as heavy metals, pesticides, cotinine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, phthalates, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Future population-based studies (such as NHANES) will include such chemicals as perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and perchlorate, on which little exposure information is available. 

Zabik, M.E., Zabik, M.J., 1999. Polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls, and dioxin reduction during processing/cooking food. In Jackson, L.S., Knize, M.G., Morgan, J.F. (Eds.), Impact of processing on food safety Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Plenum Press, New York, 459, pp. 213-231. 

The toxicity, bioaccumulative potential, and ecological impact of organohalogenated substances such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated d iben zo -pa ra - diox i n s (PCDDs), or polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) have been extensively reviewed.95 98 All are referred to as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), that is, chemical substances that remain in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food chain, and pose a risk to human health and the environment. The international community is calling for action to reduce and then eliminate the production or formation of these substances and to monitor their emission. In this case, the detectability obtainable by analytical methods should be very low, since the limits established for these residues are in the ng per liter range. 

ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme AGD, anogenital distance DES, diethylstilbestrol IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction PBBs, polybrominated biphenyls PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls T3, triiodothyronine T4, thyroxine TCDD, tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Th1, T helper 1 Th2, T helper 2... 

Particle size distribution Relative percentage by weight or in number of each of the different size fractions of particulate matter PAS Periodic acid Schiff stain PBBs Polybrominated biphenyls PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls... 

See also Chlorination By-products Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). 

Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons Polychlorinated biphenyls Polybrominated biphenyls Dioxins Pesticides Organophosphates Organochlorides Carbamates... 

TABLE 16-4. Psychiatric symptoms attributed to polybrominated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls... 

Subacute thyroiditis exhibits easily recognizable clinical features. It is not a common cause of hypothyroidism in the elderly. Painless thyroiditis is also infrequent in aged people. These conditions may cause transient hyperthyroidism followed by a transient permanent thyroid hypofunction phase. Infiltrative diseases affecting the thyroid gland (Riedel s thyroiditis, hemochromatosis, scleroderma, leukemia, amyloidosis) and infections are rare causes of hypothyroidism at all ages. Toxic injury to the thyroid gland has been reported after exposure to polybrominated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls (Roberts and Ladenson, 2004). 

A variety of interrelationships exist between nutrition and nervous disorders. Among the nutritional factors which may cause or contribute to certain nervous system disorders are energy, protein, lipid, minerals, and vitamins. Also many do toxins have detrimental effects on the nervous system for example, pesticides, ergot, mycotoxins, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), neurotoxins, hallucinogens, and cholinesterase inhibitors. 

Alkylphenols, ammonia, asbestos, chlorinated paraffins, 4-chloroaniline, cyanide, detergents, di- -butyl phthalate, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs e.g. anthracene, benzopyrene, methylcholanthrene, /i-naphthoflavone), nitrate, nitrite, petroleum oil, phenol, pentachlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol, dinitro-o-cresol, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs especially coplanar), polychlorinated dioxins, polybrominated naphthalenes, /i-sitosterol, sulfide, thiourea, urea, acid water, coal dust... 

The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are indnstrial chemicals that do not occur naturally in the environment. The properties, uses, and toxicology of the PCBs are described in detail in Safe (1984), Robertson and Hansen (2001), and Environmental Health Criteria 140. PBBs are described in Safe (1984) and Environmental Health Criteria 152. 

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