Biologic and Clinical Effects

Griffm TB, Couiston F, Wills H. 1975b. [Biological and clinical effects of continuous exposure to airborne particulate lead.] Arh Hig Toksikol 26 191-208. (Yugoslavian)... 

BIOLOGIC AND CLINICAL EFFECTS ACUTE EFFECTS PHARMACOLOGY... 

Anderlmi P, Przepiorka D, Champlin R, Korblmg M. Biologic and clinical effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in normal individuals. Blood 1996 88(8) 2819-25. 

Vadhan-Raj S. PIXY321 (GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein) biological and clinical effects of a novel cytokine. Forum Trends Exp Clin Med 1995 5 110-18. 

Schiller JH, Storer B, Witt PL, Nelson B, Brown RR, Horisberger M, Grossberg S, Borden EC Biological and clinical effects of the combination of beta- and gamma-interferons administered as a 5-day continuous infusion. Cancer Res 1990,50 4588-4594... 

Numerous studies have indicated that curcumin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A Medline search revealed over 1000 publications describing various activities of this polyphenol. The following sections describe some of its major biological and clinical effects. 

Stilbenes act as natural protective agents to defend the plant against viral and microbial attack, excessive UV exposure, and disease. These compounds have been extensively studied and have been shown to possess potent anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Numerous studies describe diflFerent biological and clinical effects of resveratrol, combretastatin, and pterostilbene. 

However, hundreds of studies and publications reported biological and clinical effects at low-intensity and low-frequency electromagnetic fields, as well as at static magnetic fields. At these interactions it is very unlikely, or even impossible, to expect thermal effects, and the threshold level approach is not reasonable. Several other mechanisms of interactions as ion-pair and free radical formation, heat shock proteins, and cal-cium-calmoduUn interactions have been proposed. One of the most reasonable hypotheses is window hypothesis to be discussed next. 

Thus, an important question to consider is whether the supposedly inert thiol moieties of these drugs may have biological and clinical effects. From in vitro studies it has now been shown that thiomalate and thioglucose both have effects in biological model systems. Moreover, preliminary clinical studies now under way in our hospital, seem to indicate that thiomalate (sodium salt) is well tolerated upon peroral administration to patients, and that this thiol may have a beneficiary effect against rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled clinical trial remains to be done, however.. ... 

It was against this background that the research into feverfew in the early 1980 s was performed. A number of investigations have now been carried out into the plant s in vitro biological actions, the chemical components responsible for these actions and suggestions have been put forward as to its mode of action. Furthermore, a limited amount of data are available about the clinical effects of feverfew. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview to date of the facts about the herb feverfew with respect to its chemical, biological and clinical properties. 

Cloud point extraction from biological and clinical samples. The most frequent use of CPE is for the separation and purification of biological analytes, principally proteins. In this way, the cloud point technique has been used as an effective tool to isolate and purify proteins when combined with chromatographic separations. Most of the applications deal with the separation of hydrophobic from hydrophilic proteins, with the hydrophobic proteins having more affinity for the surfactant-rich phase, and the hydrophilic proteins remaining in the dilute aqueous phase. The separation of biomaterials and clinical analytes by CPE has been described [105,106,113]. 

H. Vlassara, R. Bucala, and L. Striker, Pathogenic effects of advanced glycosylation Biochemical, biologic and clinical implications for diabetes and aging, Lab. Invest., 1994, 70, 138-151. 

Here I should like to touch on a more speculative side of the research. We had to face up to the strong evidence at the molecular level that the platinum drug produced a lesion on the DNA of cells, which did not necessarily lead to cell death, and in any case, was not restricted to cancer cells alone, and the final clinical observation that the cancers disappeared in the animal, without unacceptable side effects. There is a wide gap between molecular biology and clinical results. Could we bridge some or all of it with testable hypotheses ... 

Trans- and cfs-resveratrol and hydroxystilbens are important qualitative parameters of wine because of the several beneficial effects on human health reported in a number of biological and clinical studies,... 

I OISINDEX System. U.S.A. Thomson Micromedex. Used by all U.S. poison centers links the ingredients within thousands of pharmaceutical and biological products to the treatment protocols for exposure. Also provides range of toxicity and clinical effects. 

Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action. Despite numerous investigations into the biologic and clinical properties of lithium, there is no unified theory for its mechanism of action (see Table 68-10). Chronic lithium administration may modulate gene expression and have neuroprotective effects. 

Due to the pronounced heating effect of microwave irradiation, most applications refer to in-line sample preparation for the determination of metals in biological and clinical matrices. This approach has also been exploited to accelerate the development of, e.g., hydrolysis, extraction and leaching, as well as for the photo-degradation of organic matter (Table 8.1). 

The companies marketing biosimilars will need to show their capacity to manage postmarketing protocols, not only to monitor rare side effects but also because the biological and clinical characteristics of therapeutic proteins cannot be completely predicted by physico-chemical analyses, and possible batch-associated side effects need to be identihed. 

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