3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine acute effects

Schmidt, C.J., and Taylor, V.L. Acute effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on 5-HT synthesis in the rat brain. 

Yamamoto, B.K., and Spanos, L.J. The acute effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine on dopamine release in the awake-behaving rat. Eur J Pharmacol 148 195-203. 1988. 

Gartside, S.E., McQuade, R., and Sharp, T., Acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on 5-HT cell firing and release comparison between dorsal and median raphe 5-HT systems, Neuropharmacology 36(11-12), 1697-703, 1997. 

Acute and Long-Term Neurochemical Effects of Methylenedioxymethamphetamine in the Rat... 

Schmidt, C.J. Acute administration of methylenedioxymethamphetamine Comparison with the neurochemical effects of its N-desmethyl and N-ethyl analogs. Eur J Pharmacol 136 81-88, 1987b. 

Spanos, L.J. and Yamamoto, B.K., Acute and subchronic effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine [(+/-)MDMA] on locomotion and serotonin syndrome behavior in the rat, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 32(4), 835-840, 1989. 

Liechti, M.E. and Vollenweider, F.X., The serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram reduces acute cardiovascular and vegetative effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( Ecstasy ) in healthy volunteers, J. Psychopharmacol. 14(3), 269-274, 2000. 

Brodkin J, Malyala A,Nash JF (1993) Effect of acute monoamine depletion on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Biochem Be-hav 45 647-653. 

Tenamfetamine ( ecstasy, MDMA methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is structurally related to mescaline as well as to amphetamine. It was originally patented in 1914 as an appetite suppressant and has recently achieved widespread popularity as a dance drug at rave parties (where it is deemed necessary to keep pace with the beat and duration of the music popular names reflect the appearance of the tablets and capsules and include White Dove, White Burger, Red and Black, Denis the Menace). Tenamfetamine stimulates central and peripheral a-and p-adrenoceptors thus the pharmacological effects are compounded by those of physical exertion, dehydration and heat. In susceptible individuals (poor metabolisers who exhibit the CYP450 2D6 polymorphism) a severe and fatal idiosyncratic reaction may occur with fulminant hyperthermia, convulsioirs, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal and hepatic failure. Treatment includes activated charcoal, diazepam for convulsions, P-blockade (atenolol) for tachycardia, a-blockade (phentolamine) for hypertension, and dantrolene if the rectal temperature exceeds 39°C. 

Acute and long-term effects of what we call illicit drugs have been mostly observed on human subjects. Here we review the effects of cocaine, tetralydrocamiabmol (THC), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and morphine as a reference for further discussion of potential consequences on nontaiget organisms. 

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