Binders polyacrylates

Decabromodiphenyl Oxide—Polyacrylate Finishes. An alternative to the diffusion technique is the appHcation of decabromodiphenyl oxide on the surface of fabrics in conjunction with binders (131). Experimental finishes using graft polymerization, in situ polymerization of phosphoms-containing vinyl monomers, or surface halogenation of the fibers also have been reported (129,130,132,133). 

Solid-surface luminescence analysis involves the measurement of fluorescence and phosphorescence of organic compounds adsorbed on solid materials. Several solid matrices such as filter paper, silica with a polyacrylate binder, sodium acetate, and cyclodextrins have been used in trace organic analysis. Recent monographs have considered the details of solid-surface luminescence analysis (1,2). Solid-surface room-temperature fluorescence (RTF) has been used for several years in organic trace analysis. However, solid-surface room-temperature phosphorescence (RTF) is a relatively new technique, and the experimental conditions for RTF are more critical than for RTF. 

Several solid surfaces, such as filter paper, sodium acetate, and silica gel chromatoplates with a polyacrylate binder, have been used in solid-surface luminescence work (1,2). Experimentally it is relatively easy to prepare samples for analysis. With filter paper, for example, a small volume of sample solution is spotted onto the surface, the filter paper is dried, and then the measurement is made. In many cases, an inert gas is passed over the surface during the measurement step to enhance the RTF signal. For powdered samples, the sample preparation procedure is somewhat more involved. Commercial instruments can be readily used to measure the luminescence signals, and a variety of research instruments have been developed to obtain the solid-surface luminescence data (1,2). 

Synthetic Polyacrylates, cellulose nitrate, Paint binders, varnishes, coatings,... 

Figure 41. Residual gloss and AE%b values for isocyanate-cross-linked polyacrylate resins that contain 15wt% Vossen Blau 2000 (older pigment type which has been replaced by Manox Blue 460 D) relative to the binder and 15 wt% Ti02 (rutile) relative to the iron blue pigment after 1000 h fast exposure to UV [3.193] a) Without clearcoat b) With clearcoat but without UV protection c) With clearcoat and UV protection...

Odian et a1 (Refs 113,133 150) showed that the deflagration rates of many composite AP solid propints were affected by gamma doses of 5 x I07 R. Two poly sulfide-based proplnts (Thiokol TP-L-3014 and TP-L-3014a) showed rate decreases, polyurethane (Thiokol TP-6-3129), polyacrylate (Hercules HES-6420) and polyacrylonitrile (HES-6648) based proplnts showed increases, while hydrocarbon (Thiokol TP-H-3062) and cellulose acetate (Hercules HES-5808) proplnts showed no changes in deflagration rate. Since the composite propint formulations contain various additives besides the binder and oxidizer, an effort was made to determine the effect of radiation on the deflagration rates of binder and oxidizer separately and independent of additives... 

These are dispersants (e.g., amines, fatty acids, polycarboxylic acids), binders (e.g., wax polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol), plasticisers (e.g., stearic acids, dibutyl phthalate, polyethylene glycol) and solvents (e.g., water, organics) [244-250]. They are needed to prepare a suitable suspension or slurry for the subsequent shaping step. They must evaporate during a presintering treatment without causing failures (Table 9). Suspensions as well as slurries should have an uniform distribution of the Si3N4 particles, adequate viscosity, and no... 

Polymers based on acrylic acid are highly hydrophilic and are utilized in different applications that include superadsorbent materials, flocculants and dispersants. Polyacrylates and their copolymers range from soft and flexible materials to hard plastics, applied in the production of coatings, paints, binders and adhesives. Their applications include the manufacture of cars e.g., coatings, upholsteries and adhesives) and the textile e.g., binders for fiberfill and nonwoven fabrics), paper and leather industries. Methyl acrylate is mainly utilized for copolymerization with acrylonitrile to improve the dyeability of fibres. 

These authors studied the steric stabilisation of aqueous BaTiOs suspensions with block copolymers, which fulfil both the stabilising and binder function. Some block copolymers with PVA and polyacrylic acid blocks were found to be very suitable for this purpose. They found further that depletion flocculation occurs with random copolymers. In that case the homogeneity of dried layers prepared was lower. 

Vinnol . [Wacker Chemie GmbH] Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate, vinyl chlo-ride/ethylene, or PVC/polyacrylate copolymers binder for fabrics, glass fiber, paper coalings textile auxiliary inq>act modifier for rigid PVC. 

Disperse colorants Resin dispersions with synthetic resin binders (e. g. alkyd resins, polyurethane resins or polyacrylates), water content 35-45 %, organic solvent mixtures 5-10 %, additional other hydrocarbons 1,2-PG, EG, DPGMM, DEGMM, EGMB, DEGMB... 

Krinski, T.L. K.C. Hou. Vegetable Protein-Polyacrylate Coprecipitate as Binder-Thickener for Paper Coating Compositions. Eur. Pat. Appl. (2000). 

Binders are macromolecular products with a molecular mass between 500 and ca. 30000. The higher molecular mass products include cellulose nitrate and polyacrylate and vinyl chloride copolymers, which are suitable for physical film formation. The low molecular mass products include alkyd resins, phenolic resins, polyisocyanates, and epoxy resins. To produce acceptable films, these binders must be chemically hardened after application to the substrate to produce high molecular mass cross-linked macromolecules. 

In drying by polyaddition, low molecular mass reactive polymers such as alkyd resins, saturated polyesters, or polyacrylates react with polyisocyanates or epoxy resins to form cross-linked macromolecules. Because this reaction can take place at room temperature, the binder components must be mixed shortly before application. The period of time during which a coating of this type remains usable after mixing of the components is known as the pot life. These are known as two-pack coatings, differing from the one-pack systems, which can be stored for months or even years. 

Polyacrylates as binders consist of copolymers of acrylate and methacrylate esters. Other unsaturated monomers (e.g., styrene and vinyltoluene) may also be incorporated, but usually to a lesser extent. Copolymers formed exclusively from acrylates and/or methacrylates are termed straight acrylics. The comonomers differ as regards the alcohol residues of the ester group, which also allow incorporation of additional functional groups. Choice of suitable monomers allows wide variation of the physical and chemical properties of the resulting polymer. Hydrophilicity, hydrophobic-ity, acid base properties as well as can be adjusted resins containing hydroxyl, amine, epoxy, or isocyanate groups can also be produced. 

Water-Soluble Binders. Water-soluble binders consist of relatively low molecular mass polymers (M < 10000) (e.g., alkyds, polyesters, polyacrylates, epoxides, and epoxy esters) whose individual molecules dissolve in water due to salt formation involving functional anionic or cationic groups. 

Water-soluble binders (e.g., polyesters, polyacrylates) can also be chemically cured with cross-linking agents at elevated temperature (oven drying). These binders can be reacted with water-soluble or water-miscible amino resins (especially fully or partially methylated methoxymethylmelamine resins) or with water-soluble or water-miscible blocked polyisocyanates, which only react after the isocyanate groups have been unblocked. 

Internally and Externally Emulsified Binders. In recent developments polyurethane, polyacrylate, or polyester binders are synthesized in an organic medium... 

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Like IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy requires little sample preparation, and provides extremely detailed information on the composition of many resins. The only limitation is that the sample must be soluble in a deuterated solvent (e.g., deuterated chloroform, tetrahydro-furan, dimethylformamide). Commercial pulse Fourier transform NMR spectrometers with superconducting magnets (field strength 4-14 Tesla) allow routine measurement of high-resolution H- and C-NMR spectra. Two-dimensional NMR techniques and other multipulse techniques (e.g., distortionless enhancement of polarization transfer, DEPT) can also be used [10.16]. These methods are employed to analyze complicated structures. C-NMR spectroscopy is particularly suitable for the qualitative analysis of individual resins in binders, quantiative evaluations are more readily obtained by H-NMR spectroscopy. Comprehensive information on NMR measurements and the assignment of the resonance lines are given in the literature, e.g., for branched polyesters [10.17], alkyd resins [10.18], polyacrylates [10.19], polyurethane elastomers [10.20], fatty acids [10.21], cycloaliphatic diisocyanates [10.22], and epoxy resins [10.23]. 

Solvents used for paint removal are able to dissolve or considerably swell physically drying binders (e.g., vinyl chloride copolymers, cellulose nitrate, polyacrylates) and chemically cross-linked coatings (e.g., oil-based paints, dried alkyd resins, cross-linked polyester-melamine resins, cross-linked epoxy and isocyanate coatings) [14.237]. A combination of dichloromethane with low-boiling ketones or esters is particularly suitable. Small amounts of high-boiling solvents with a low volatility (e.g., tetrahydronaphthalene, solvent naphtha, methyl benzyl alcohol, or benzyl alcohol) are added to these mixtures to retard evaporation and increase the solvency. Modern paint removers do not contain chlorinated hydrocarbons, they are formulated on the basis of high boilers (e.g., dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, and yV-methylpyrrolidone) in combination with alcohols and aromatics, or consist of aqueous, frequently alkaline or acidic systems. 

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