Benzene liquid, refractive index

White tetragonal or orthorhombic crystal density 1.17g/cm3 refractive index 1.74 unstable, sublimes readily at ordinary temperatures vapor pressure 748 torr at 32°C highly soluble in water, alcohol, liquid ammonia and liquid hydrogen sulfide insoluble in benzene, hexane and ether. 

Colorless liquid commercial grade has a pungent disagreeable odor, in its purest form the odor is sweet and pleasant flammable refractive index 1.6295 density 1.261 g/mL at 20°C boils at 46.3°C freezes at -110.8°C critical temperature 279°C, critical pressure 77.97 atm, critical volume 173 cm3/mol slightly soluble in water, 0.29 g/lOOg at 20°C soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, and oils forms an azeotrope with water (CS2 H2O = 97.2%)... 

Colorless noncombustible liquid chloroform-like odor refractive index 1.4601 density 1.5867g/mL at 20°C boils at 76.8°C freezes at -23°C critical temperature 283.5°C, critical pressure 44.57 atm, critical volume 276 cm /mol practically insoluble in water soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene. 

Colorless liquid density 1.879 g/cm at 20°C and 1.844 g/cm at 30°C refractive index 1.464 boils at 86.5°C solidifies at -49.5°C decomposes in water soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. 

Colorless liquid burns with orange flame with green margin refractive index 1.5198 density 1.653 g/mL at 20°C insoluble in water slightly soluble in ethanol soluble in benzene, toluene, gasoline, and petroleum ether. 

Colorless fuming liquid pungent odor refractive index 1.516 at 14°C density 1.574g/mL at 21°C hods at 76°C freezes at -112°C decomposes in water soluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, ether and chloroform and other halo-genated organic solvents. 

Pale yellow or colorless liquid corrosive refractive index 1.651 at 20°C density 2.42 g/mL at 22°C freezes at 8.5°C boils at 176.4°C decomposes at 176.4°C decomposes in water forming hydrochloric acid and selenious acid soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, benzene, and toluene. 

Silvery needles refractive index 1.470 density 0.92 g/cm decomposes at 800°C decomposes explosively in water reacts violently with lower alco-hols dissolves in molten sodium and molten sodium hydroxide insoluble in liquid ammonia, benzene, carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide. 

Yellowish red oily liquid pungent penetrating odor fumes in air refractive index 1.670 at 20°C density 1.69 g/mL dipole moment 1.60 dielectric constant 4.9 at 22°C freezes at -77°C boils at 137°C reacts with water soluble in ethanol, benzene, ether, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride dissolves sulfur at ambient temperature (67 g/100 g sulfur chloride). 

Pale yellow to red fuming liquid suffocating odor refractive index 1.517 at 20°C density 1.631 g/mL at 20°C freezes at -101°C bods at 75.6°C decomposes at 140°C decomposes in water soluble in benzene, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. 

Methylene iodide [75-11-6], CH2I2, also known as diio dome thane, mol wt 267.87, 94.76% I, mp 6.0°C, and bp 181°C, is a very heavy colorless liquid. It has a density of 3.325 g/mL at 20°C and a refractive index of 1.7538 at 4°C. It darkens in contact with air, moisture, and light. Its solubility in water is 1.42 g/100 g H20 at 20°C it is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, benzene, and ether. Methylene iodide is prepared by reaction of sodium arsenite and iodoform with sodium hydroxide reaction of iodine, sodium ethoxide, and hydroiodic acid on iodoform the oxidation of iodoacetic acid with potassium persulfate and by reaction of potassium iodide and methylene chloride (124,125). Diiodoform is used for determining the density and refractive index of minerals. It is also used as a starting material in the manufacture of x-ray contrast media and other synthetic pharmaceuticals (qv). 

Iodobenzene [591-50-4], C6HBI, mol wt 204.02, 62.23% I, mp —30°C, bp 188—189°C, is a colodess liquid that rapidly becomes yellow and has a characteristic odor. It is insoluble in water, but completely miscible with alcohol, chloroform, and ether. It has a density of 1.832 g/mL at 20°C and a refractive index of 1.621 at 4°C. Iodobenzene is prepared by the reaction of iodine and benzene in the presence of an oxidizing agent and from benzeneiazonium sulfate and potassium iodide (122). Iodobenzene is used as a heavy liquid for refractive index determinations, but probably its principal use is in the synthesis of iodoso compounds, RIO iodoxy compounds, RI02 and iodonium salts, R IX. 

Properties Colorless to pale-straw-colored liquid. Boiling range 194.2-195C (5-95%), fp -36.6C, flash p 180F (82.2C) (COC), refractive index 1.5328 (25C), d 1.0469 (25/4C). Miscible with benzene, acetone, ether, and methanol. Combustible. 

LB coatings may be modified, for example, when an LB-coated substrate is soaked in a suitable solvent such as acetone, alcohol or benzene, and the multilayer is skeletonized due to the dissolving out of the free fatty acid, reducing its actual thickness slightly, but decreasing the refractive index appreciably. This property is used to control the refractive index to produce antireflection coatings for glass. The holes in these skeletonized films can also be filled with other materials in vapor or liquid form. 

A computer simulation of liquid benzene by Janssen et al.245 using molecular dynamics based on input from gas phase ab initio static hyperpolarizabilities has successfully reproduced measured values of the refractive index and y-hyper-polarizability. 

A mixture of benzene and dichloroethane is used to test the efficiency of a packed column that contains 10 ft of packing and operates adiabatically at atmospheric pressure. The liquid is charged to the reboiler, and the column is operated at total reflux until equilibrium is established. At equilibrium, liquid samples from the distillate D and reboiler B, as analyzed by refractive index, give the following compositions for benzene Xo = 0.653, Xg = 0.298. 

Many cellulose derivatives form lyotropic liquid crystals in suitable solvents and several thermotropic cellulose derivatives have been reported (1-3) Cellulosic liquid crystalline systems reported prior to early 1982 have been tabulated (1). Since then, some new substituted cellulosic derivatives which form thermotropic cholesteric phases have been prepared (4), and much effort has been devoted to investigating the previously-reported systems. Anisotropic solutions of cellulose acetate and triacetate in tri-fluoroacetic acid have attracted the attention of several groups. Chiroptical properties (5,6), refractive index (7), phase boundaries (8), nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (9,10) and differential scanning calorimetry (11,12) have been reported for this system. However, trifluoroacetic acid causes degradation of cellulosic polymers this calls into question some of the physical measurements on these mesophases, because time is required for the mesophase solutions to achieve their equilibrium order. Mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid with chlorinated solvents have been employed to minimize this problem (13), and anisotropic solutions of cellulose acetate and triacetate in other solvents have been examined (14,15). The mesophase formed by (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) in water (16) is stable and easy to handle, and has thus attracted further attention (10,11,17-19), as has the thermotropic mesophase of HPC (20). Detailed studies of mesophase formation and chain rigidity for HPC in dimethyl acetamide (21) and for the benzoic acid ester of HPC in acetone and benzene (22) have been published. Anisotropic solutions of methylol cellulose in dimethyl sulfoxide (23) and of cellulose in dimethyl acetamide/ LiCl (24) were reported. Cellulose tricarbanilate in methyl ethyl ketone forms a liquid crystalline solution (25) with optical properties which are quite distinct from those of previously reported cholesteric cellulosic mesophases (26). 

Cumene (isopropylbenzene, isopropylben-zol, cumol) n. C6H5CH(CH3)2. A volatile liquid in the alkyl-aromatic family of hydrocarbons. It is used as a solvent and intermediate for the production of phenol, acetone, and a-methyl styrene and as a catalyst for acrylic and polyester resins. Properties bp, 153°C sp gr, 0.862/20°C refractive index, 1.506. Known also as isopropyl benzene (See image). 

From a knowledge of the adsorption, immersion, and wetting properties of solid particles, we have examined the influence of particle-particle and particle-liquid interactions on the stability and structure formation of suspensions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic Aerosil particles in benzene-n-heptane and methanol-benzene mixtures. For the binary mixtures, the Hamaker constants have been determined by optical dispersion measurements over the entire composition range by calculation of the characteristic frequency (Vk) from refractive index measurements [7,29,36,64], The Hamaker constant of an adsorption layer whose composition is different from that of the bulk has been calculated for several mixture compositions on the basis of the above results. Having the excess isotherms available enabled us to determine the adsorption layer thickness as a function of the mixture composition. For interparticle attractive potentials, calculations were done on the basis of the Vincent model [3-5,39]. In the case of hydrophobic particles dispersed in benzene- -heptane and methanol-benzene mixtures, it was established that the change in the attractive potential was in accordance with the interactions obtained from rheological measurements. 

Han, K.-J. Hwang, l.-C. Park, S.-J. Park, l.-H. Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium at 333.15 K, density, and refractive index at 298.15 K for the ternary mixture of dibutyl ether + ethanol + benzene and binary subsystems. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2007, 52, 1018-1024. 

The density of liquid benzene is p = 899 kg/m and its refraction index n = 1.50. Determine the benzene electron polarizability a, . 

To obtain the Rayleigh ratio from the measured scattered intensity, we usually use a reference liquid, for example benzene, for wbicb a reliable value of tbe reference Rayleigh ratio, Ra,ref< known. Measure the reference scattered intensity, and the scattered intensity of the sample, 4, by the instmment in the same optical configuration. The difference in the refractive index of the reference and that of the solution should be taken into account, as refraction changes the effective scattering volume. The Rayleigh ratio is evaluated by... 

PVAc has a specific gravity of 1.2 and an index of refraction of 1.47. It has a solubility parameter of 9.5 H and is soluble in liquids with similar solubility parameter values, such as benzene, chloroform, and acetone ... 

Properties Colorless, highly refractive, heavy, volatile liquid characteristic odor sweet taste. D 1.485 (20/20C), bp 61.2C, fp -63.5C, wt/gal 12.29 lb (25C), refr index 1.4422 (25C). Keep from light. Miscible with alcohol, ether, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, fixed and volatile oils shghtly soluble in water. 

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