Behavioral safety prevention

That is issue of the effectiveness evaluation. As mentioned above, the compliance behavior (and/ or intent) is defined as the chief indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of warning sign in the article. The effectiveness is attributed to comphance behavior, because the comphance is in conformity with the idea of behavior control and behavior safety science, in which unsafe behavior contributes to almost all accident. That means, if people behave according to the correct directives and rules (warning sign), accident and loss can be prevented and reduced to a large degree. The function process of compliance is shown in Fig.3. 

In this conception of safety, there is no root cause. Instead, the accident cause consists of an inadequate safety control structure that under some circumstances leads to the violation of a behavioral safety constraint. Preventing future accidents requires reengineering or designing the safety control structure to be more effective. 

This book suggests a new approach to engineering for safety that changes the focus from prevent failures to enforce behavioral safety constraints, from reliability to control. The approach is constructed on an extended model of accident causation that includes more than the traditional models, adding those factors that are increasingly causing accidents today. It allows us to deal with much more complex systems. What is surprising is that the techniques and tools described in part 111 that are built on STAMP and have been applied in practice on extremely complex systems have been easier to use and much more effective than the old ones. 

Incident Reporting and Investigation Accident Prevention Signs and Tags Hand Safety Back Injury Prevention Behavioral Safety Bloodborne Pathogens Confined Space Lockout/T agout Drug and Alcohol HazCom... 

Become proficient in providing constructive feedback by stud3dng how your team members perform daily activities, and take note of any safety deficiencies. Then, offer positive instruction on how to correct the behavior to prevent reoccurrence. In order to do this however, you must make a effort to spend time away from your office and out on the floor. 

However, many of those in leadership positions take responsibility without being held accountable. Such a culture can discourage recognition of safe behavior and prevent criticism of unsafe or suspicious conduct by superiors or even peers. Hierarchical management structures thus can inhibit reliance on coworkers to report or prevent breaches in safety or security. 

To value safety means that you make safety a positive, integral part of your everyday activities safety is a value not to be compromised, safety is an inseparable part of your daily activities requiring prudent behavior, and safety prevents and protects you, your family, your co-workers, and others from harm or suffering. 

There is some discussion about which approach to vehicle safety is most effective. Traffic safety in the U.S. has focused and continues to focus on technology to reduce deaths and injuries after a crash. Much of Europe has emphasized changing driver behavior to prevent crashes. Both approaches have reduced traffic deaths a lot. While the reduction in the U.S. during the last 40 years was 41%. In Germany, the Netherlands, and Great Britain, the reductions were 81%, 81%, and 76%, respectively. Those considerations and vehicle accident and death facts suggest that much work remains. 

Comments on the relationship between behavioral safety, human error reduction, and serious injury prevention. 

BEHAVIORAL SAFETY, HUMAN ERROR REDUCTION, AND SERIOUS INJURY PREVENTION... 

The following excerpts from Reason s Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents bear directly on the history of behavioral safety, human error reduction, and the prevention of serious injuries. 

Some faults in the original design of the plant can lead to severe risks, however the predominant cause of this high number of deviations is related to human intervention in several critical operations. In this type of industry it s not acceptable to rely only in human behavior, safety equipment must be installed, to prevent unsafe human operation. 

Five types of safety-related behaviors have been defined by Davis et al. [7] continuous versus on-off proactive versus reactive interactive versus noninterac-tive confrontational versus nonconfrontational and behaviors to prevent errors of omission versus errors of commission. For example, a patient asking a health care professional to check that they have received the correct medication involves the patient asking a question to prevent a medication error. The action comprises the following characteristics continuous, proactive, interactive, confrontational, and preventing a potential error of commission. In this example, patient participation could be facilitated by encouragement to challenge the clinician s competence, and there is evidence in the context of medication safety and infection control that provides some support for this view [8]. 

Hedlund, J. 2000. Risky business Safety regnlations, risk compensation, and individual behavior. Injury Prevention, 6, 82—90. 

Johnston, J.J., Hendricks, S.A. Fike, J.M. 1994. Effectiveness of behavioral safety belt interventions. Accident Analysis Prevention 26(3) 315-323. 

Nguyen, L, T., B. Jauregui and D. F. Dinges (1998). Changing behaviors to prevent drowsy driving and promote traffic safety Review of proven, promising, and unproven techniques. American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington DC. 

We call our approach to behavioral safety the values-based safety process. As you will design a process that meets the needs of your organization, your team may want to find a name that fits your organization s new process. Companies have called their safety improvement efforts the employee safety process (ESP), the safe acts process, the positive safety process, the continuous incident prevention process, and a variety of others. (See the discussion on the contest to name the behavioral safety process in Chapter 23 for suggestions on involving employees in selecting a name.)... 

Deciding which behaviors are critical is the first step of a DO IT process. A great deal can be discovered by examining the workplace and discussing witii people how they have been performing their jobs. People already know a lot about the hazards of tireir work and the safe behaviors needed to avoid injury. They even know which safety policies are sometimes ignored to get the job done on time. They often know when a near hit had occurred because an at-risk behavior or environmental hazard had been overlooked. They also know which at-risk behaviors could lead to a serious injury (or fatality) and which safe behaviors could prevent a serious injury (or fatality). 

Do monetary rewards foster participation only for a financial payoff and conceal the real benefit of safety-related behavior—injury prevention ... 

Our discussion of cognitive dissonance might give us a potential remedy for this. If we could induce workers and managers to discuss what can go wrong, and in fact advocate the position that an unfavorable outcome would occur, they would be more likely to entertain the idea that an unfavorable outcome (accident) would occur and might modify their behavior to prevent it. In fact this may be the reason for the success of the job safety analysis (JS A), in which workers discuss potential hazards of a task before it is undertaken. 

For every installation, a check has to be made to determine which ignition source may become effec tive and whether it can be prevented with a sufficient degree of safety. With more sensitive products and complex installations, it becomes more and more difficult to exclude ignition sources with ample safety (Siwek et al., Tgnition Behavior of Dusts, Proc. Lo.s.s Prevention Symposium, Atlanta, April 12-19, 1994). 

Colenbrander, G. W. and J. S. Puttock, 1983, Dense Gas Dispersion Behavior Experimental Observations and Model Developments, International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, Harrogate, England, September. 

The system can prevent explosion, fire, and venting with fire under conditions of abuse. These batteries have a unique battery chemistry based on LiAsF6/l,3-di-oxolane/tributylamine electrolyte solutions which provide internal safety mechanism that protect the batteries from short-circuit, overcharge and thermal runaway upon heating to 135 °C. This behavior is due to the fact that the electrolyte solution is stable at low-to-medium temperatures but polymerizes at a temperature over 125 °C... 

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