Potential Error

Note that the strict foiiriat of the ethylene output file was not followed in adding new atoms. Be careful of your connected atom list to the right of the input file it is a rich source of potential errors. Use your graph to keep the numbering straight. 

There are two main approaches to its solution. Traditional approach is based on preliminary separation of UGC samples to gaseous and liquid phases and their subsequent analyses [1]. This approach is well-developed and it allows obtaining quite precise results being used properly. However, this method is relatively complicated. Multi-stage procedure is a source of potential errors, then, it makes the analyses quite time consuming. More progressive approach is based on the direct analysis of the pressurized UGC samples. In both cases the determination of heavy hydrocarbons (up to C ) is made by capillary gas chromatography. 

In the same way that potential differences can occur due to different mobility, they can also occur due to different adsorption of ions. There are therefore a large number of possibilities for potential errors in the field of reference electrodes [2], which, however, are generally less than 30 mV. Such potential errors can be neglected in the application of protection potential criteria, but they can lead to increased error in the evaluation of voltage cones (see Section 3.3.1). Equation (3-4) can be used for their evaluation in this case. It explains, for example, the increased... 

Conduct the trials as planned. Results should be carefully recorded in a table or machine along with any observations which may be regarded as potential errors... 

A probabilistic statement of the likelihood of human-error events presents each error in the task analysis as the right limb in a binary branch of the HRA event tree. These binary branches form the chronological limbs of the HRA event tree, with the first potential error siai ting from the highest point on the tree. (Figure 4.5-4). Any given [ask appears as a two-limb branch the left limb represents the probability of success the right limb represents the probability of failure. 

When performing human reliability assessment in CPQRA, a qualitative analysis to specify the various ways in which human error can occur in the situation of interest is necessary as the first stage of the procedure. A comprehensive and systematic method is essential for this. If, for example, an error with critical consequences for the system is not identified, then the analysis may produce a spurious impression that the level of risk is acceptably low. Errors with less serious consequences, but with greater likelihood of occurrence, may also not be considered if the modeling approach is inadequate. In the usual approach to human reliability assessment, there is little assistance for the analyst with regard to searching for potential errors. Often, only omissions of actions in proceduralized task steps are considered. 

The use of a model of human error allows a systematic approach to be adopted to the prediction of human failures in CPI operations. Although there are difficulties associated with predicting the precise forms of mistakes, as opposed to slips, the cognitive approach provides a framework which can be used as part of a comprehensive qualitative assessment of failure modes. This can be used during design to eliminate potential error inducing conditions. It also has applications in the context of CPQRA methods, where a comprehensive qualitative analysis is an essential precursor of quantification. The links between these approaches and CPQRA will be discussed in Chapter 5. 

Potential errors, recovery points and error consequences are identified... 

There are potential errors or problems that limit the accuracy of this alignment technique. The common ones include data recording errors, failure to correct for indicator sag, mechanical looseness in the fixture installation, and failure to properly zero and/or calibrate the dial indicator. 

Even when parts are precision balanced to extremely close tolerances, vibration due to mechanical imbalance can be much greater than necessary due to assembly errors. Potential errors include relative placement of each part s center of rotation, location of the shaft relative to the bore, and cocked rotors. 

Cardone, M. J., Palermo, P. J., and Sybrandt, L. B., Potential Error in Single-Point-Ratio Calculations Based on Linear Calibration Curves with Significant Intercept, Ana/. Chem. 52, 1980, 1187-1191. 

Probabilistic techniques of estimation provide some Insights Into the potential error of estimation. In the case of krlglng, the variable pCic) spread over the site A is first elevated to the status of a random function PC c). An estimator P (2c) is then built to minimize the estimation variance E [P(2c)-P (2c) ], defined as the expected squared error ( ). The krlglng process not only provides the estimated values pCiyc) from which a kriged map can be produced, but also the corresponding minimum estimation variances 0 (39 ) ... 

Assessment of spatial distributions of pollutant concentrations is a very specific problem that requires more than blind mapping of these concentrations. Not only must the criterion of estimation be chosen carefully to allow zooming on the most critical values (the high concentrations), but also the evaluation of the potential error of estimation calls for a much more meaningful characteristic than the traditional estimation variance. Finally, the risks a and p of making wrong decisions on whether to clean or not must be assessed. 

Intensive discussions about potential errors of etNOE-derived distances can be found in the literature (see, e.g. Ref. [99] and references therein). Essentially, experimental and systematic errors are identical to conventional NOE-based... 

In this area the change of water content, Aw.c., as a function of the change of relative equilibrium humidity, Acp, as a function of water activity (a 100 = rp), Aw.c./Acp, is at a minimum. This also minimizes the potential error in a certified value by water taken up from the surrounding area. Based on these findings, it appears absolutely necessary that during the preparation of each material, water activity as well as water content must be determined and adjusted to achieve optimal stability and thus also a long shelf hfe of the final product. 

Potential error in the measurement of tissue to blood distribution coefficients in physiological pharmacokinetic modeling residual tissue blood. 1. Theoretical considerations, Drug Metab. Dispos. 1991, 19, 478—485. 

Tab. 5.7 Combustion appliances and potential errors causing excessive CO generation [17].

Sensitivity requirement is the minimum weight required to move the pointer by one division on the scale. The smaller the weight required to move the pointer by one division, the more sensitive is the balance. Sensitivity requirement (SR) is related to the percent error or maximum potential error by the equation,... 

What is the smallest quantity that can be weighed with a potential error of not more than 5% on a balance with a sensitivity requirement of 4 mg ... 

For a Class B prescription balance with a sensitivity requirement of 30 mg, what would be the potential error if a pharmacist attempts to weigh 648 mg of salicylic acid ... 

How would you obtain 10 mg of codeine using a prescription balance with a sensitivity requirement of 5 mg The potential error should not be greater than 8%. 

Explain how would you weigh gr iss of pseudoephedrine on a prescription balance with a sensitivity requirement of 6 mg and potential error of 2% or less. 

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