Basic Data

Mlalmuai Critical MaBses - H-Reactor Fuel in Water 

Uranium SnrlcluBent i U235 Inner Tube. Outer Tube Tube-ln Tube 

These data have been translated, into the critical mee, volume and. fuel densities shown In Table 6.2.3 for both the unlrradlated. enrlbhiaent level of 0.9 7 v/o U 3p and. an effective discharge enrichment level of 1.0 v/o U 3.  

I Criticality Data - MPR Fuel Elements In Llrf t Water 

Outer Tube Only Inner Tube Only 

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The basic data gathering methods are direct methods which allow visual inspection or at least direct measurement of properties, and indirect methods whereby we infer reservoir parameters from a number of measurements taken in a borehole. The main techniques available within these categories are summarised in the following table ... 

Madelung O (ed) 1996 Semiconductors—Basic Data (Berlin Springer)... 

Amines are weak bases but as a class amines are the strongest bases of all neu tral molecules Table 22 1 lists basicity data for a number of amines The most impor tant relationships to be drawn from the data are... 

Computers, often combined with transputers, are used for three main functions when connected to a mass spectrometer. The foremost requirements involve the acquisition and preprocessing of basic data and the control of the instrument s scanning operations. Additional software programs are available to manipulate the preprocessed data in a wide variety of ways depending on what is required, e.g., a mass spectrum or a total ion chromatogram. 

An example in the medical field is use as a patient card. Basic data (name, address, date of birth, etc) are written as ROM, but the results of ongoing examinations are written as WORM by the doctor in attendance. For data security, code- and passwords can be used. 

S. C. Brown, Basic Data of Plasma Physics, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1966. 

At the time of a computer mn of a simulation, it is desirable to store only the parameters for those particular components involved in the simulation, and so this set of basic data is normally copied over from the permanent system parameters data bank into mn-time data locations. In typical flow-sheeting problems this involves the collection of particular parameters for 5 to 20 components from a data bank with extensive sets of data for up to several thousand components. 

Note that these values are specific to the subject problem in which the mean beam length is L, , with gS evaluated from basic data, such as Table 5-8. (1 — in Eq. (5-165) represents the emissivity of a gray gas, which will be called Ec,i. For later use, note that,... 

Example 11 Parameter Method of Risk Analysis Let us consider the project outlined in Table 9-5. It is estimated that the basic data represent the most likely values and that there is a 10 percent chance that As will be reduced by more than 20 percent or will be increased by more than 5 percent. In the same way the low and high levels at 10 percent probability for Ate are considered to be 5 percent below and 25 percent above the base figures respectively. The low and high values for Cpc are considered to be 5 percent below and 30 percent above the base figure, while changes in other parameters are considered to be immaterial. 

Clearly, the value of Cinv affects both the annual cash income and the net annual profit. Since annual cash incomes are the basic data for (NPV) and (DCFRR) methods of estimating profitability, the actual value per unit of inventory is of direcl importance for chemical engineers engaged in economic assessments. 

FIG, 18-27 Example of a specific chart to analyze the total mass-transfer rate in a particular tank under a process condition obtained from basic data shown in Fig . 18-25. 

Dente and Ranzi (in Albright et al., eds.. Pyrolysis Theory and Industrial Practice, Academic Press, 1983, pp. 133-175) Mathematical modehng of hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactions Shah and Sharma (in Carberry and Varma, eds.. Chemical Reaction and Reaction Engineering Handbook, Dekker, 1987, pp. 713-721) Hydroxylamine phosphate manufacture in a slurry reactor Some aspects of a kinetic model of methanol synthesis are described in the first example, which is followed by a second example that describes coping with the multiphcity of reactants and reactions of some petroleum conversion processes. Then two somewhat simph-fied industrial examples are worked out in detail mild thermal cracking and production of styrene. Even these calculations are impractical without a computer. The basic data and mathematics and some of the results are presented. 

The selection process of power cables is almost the same as that of a bus system discussed in Section 28.3. For simplicity we consider only the basic data for selection which would suffice the majority of applications. For accurate calculations a similar approach will be essential as for the bus systems (Chapter 28). For site conditions and laying arrangements which may influence the basic rating of a cable, corresponding derating factors have also been provided. The information covered here will be useful to users to meet their cable requirements, although the data may vary marginally for different manufacturers. For more data on cables, not covered here, reference may be made to the cable manufacturers. 

The following basic data are important for the design of such a grounding system. 

Enough data must be supplied to rate the compressor. For example, the mass flows, inlet and outlet pressure, inlet temperatures, type of gas or gas physical constants need to be itemized. The basic data must be very clearly stated and complete to the extent necessary to achieve a common understanding between the user and vendor. 

Treat basic data to achieve the desired information... 

Modify the basic data according to guidelines provided in the handbook, to reflect differences in the assumed "nominal" conditions and the specific conditions for the task being evaluated. The major factor that is taken in to account is the level of stress perceived by the operator when performing the task. 

Basic data collection procedures need to be comprehensive and formalized. They should address completion of the collection forms, the filing and distribution of these forms, and retention requirements of data source materials and other documents. 

Although early investigators considered that 4-hydroxy-l-methyl-phthalazine existed as such in neutral solution, they refer to basicity data which, in the light of present knowledge, would lead to assignment of the l-methylphthalazin-4-one structure (84, R = Me) to the predominant tautomer. The correctness of the oxo structure for phthal-azin-l-one (84, R — H) has been demonstrated using infrared spectroscopy. ... 

Fig. 4. Correlation of rate data (logfc2) for meth9xy-dechlorination with basicity data (loglC ) for some substituted 4-chloroqumolines. [From Baciocchi et by permission of the American Chemical Society.]...

By using basicity data, Ridd and Smith- showed that 5-nitro- and 5-chloro-benzimidazole and their 2-methyl analogs exist essentially as mixtures of equivalent amounts of 29 and 30, and, in agreement with this ratio, 5-substituted benzimidazoles form comparable amounts of 1- and 3-derivatives on alkylation,- showing earlier alkylation ratios- to be erroneous. There are, however, other factors which can lead to the predominance of one tautomeric form. Basicity measurements indicate that 31 is preferred to the alternative non-hydro-... 

The ultraviolet spectra of compounds which may exist as either 1-substituted pyrazol-3-oncs (70, R — H) or 1-substituted 3-hydroxypy-razoles (71, R = H) do not allow distinction between the two possible forms, because their spectra and those of fixed derivatives of both types (70, R = Me and 71, R = Me) are too similar. The solid state infrared spectra of these compounds have been interpreted to support both the NH form (see reference 79a for a similar conclusion regarding indazoI-3-one) and the OH form. Basicity data have also been considered to indicate the predominance of the OH form. ... 

Basic data in table for U.S. Stonetvare Cyclohelix spiral packing, Bui. TP 34, Ref. 5. Data for other spiral packings shown set to right from Maurice A. Knight Co. (now, Koch Engineering Co., Inc.) Bulletin No. 11, b permission. For D and S patterns. Figure 9-16. 

Hsu [124] presents equations for directly calculating random packings based on published data and which are adaptable for computer programming and thereby studying the effects of variables. The basic data are essentially a match with Figure 9-21D. 

Where machinery of any type is mounted within or close to the conditioned area, discrete frequencies will be set up and some knowledge of their pattern will be required before acoustic treatment can be specified. Manufacturers are now well aware of problems to the user and should be able to supply this basic data and offer technical assistance towards a solution. 

II. Basic Data Concerning the Orbital Drawings in Chapter III... 

Once the performance and environmental conditions have been defined, the selection of a suitable material can be made, and this in turn can be followed, if necessary, with the necessary engineering calculations to establish strength requirements. The basic data needed for calculations have to be collected and have to pertain to the specific grade of the selected material. The pertinent information required for making determinations for longevity of the product and obtaining a general concept of the character and behavior of the selected material should be supplied by the manufacturer of the raw material and/or obtained in-house or via a contractor. 

Almost all of the directly measured thermochemical data for the sulfoxides, sulfones, sulfites and sulfates are due to the work of Busfield and Mackle and their coworkers at the University of Leeds and The Queens University, Belfast1-14. This work involved measurement of enthalpies of combustion, fusion and vaporization. It is the basis of the subsequent compilations of Benson and coworkers15, Cox and Pilcher16 and Pedley, Naylor and Kirby11. The data given by the latter are used as the basic data set in the present work. Corrections and omissions are noted in the next section. Data on additional compounds were sought by searching the IUPAC Bulletin of Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics for the years 1980 198318, and by searches of Chemical Abstracts. 

It is seen that however sophisticated the software might be, it would be virtually impossible to de-convolute the peak into the three components. The peaks shown in the diagram are discernible because the peaks themselves were assumed and the composite envelope calculated. The envelope, however, would provide no basic data there is no hint of an approximate position for any peak maximum and absolutely no indication of the peak width of any of the components. The use of the diode array detector, monitoring at different wavelengths, might help by identifying uniquely one or more of the... 

Pharmacodynamics is a discipline within the broader topic of pharmacology, which focuses on how a drug brings about a particular response, and the effective levels that are required in order to elicit such a response. Some of these basic data will have emerged from the research-based activities that initiate the development of most drugs today. However, considerable additional studies are required to establish detailed dose-response curves so that the optimum therapeutic level can be chosen. 

The ICH have issued guidelines on how to organise the data in the modules. These guidance documents, which are shown in Table 6.3, deal primarily with how the information should be organised, whereas advice on how to generate the data is provided in the quality, safety and efficacy guidelines that were discussed in the previous chapters. We shall now look at the stmcture of the modules in a little more detail, starting with the basic data modules. 

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