Amines, classes

Surface water photooxidation t,/2 = 31-1740 h in water, based on photooxidation rate constants with OH and R02 radicals for the amine class (Mill Mabey 1985 Giiesten et al. 1981 selected, Howard et al. 1991) t,/2 = 31-672 h, based on estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic degradation half-life and photooxidation half-life in water (Howard et al. 1991). 

Diethylamine belongs to which amine class primary, secondary, or tertiary ... 

There are also concerns over amines (particularly aromatic amines) and so reducing their concentration is desirable. In common with nitrosamines, they can originate from accelerators. But they also have a number of other important sources, for example, from amine type curatives and as the breakdown products of the amine class of antidegradants. 

The simplest members of all amine classes usually are volatile enough for their direct gas chromatography (GC) analysis. When other polar functional groups with active hydrogen atoms are present in the molecule, the derivatization of one or all of them becomes necessary. A typical example of these compounds is amino acids, which exist in the form of inner-molecular salts RCH(NH3+)C02 in the solid state. 

Terbinafine (Fig. 10.221), a member of the allyl-amine class of antimycotics, is an inhibitor of the enzyme squalene epoxidase in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. Terbinafine is orally active, is fungicidal and is effective against a broad range of dermatophytes and yeasts. It can also be used topically as a cream. 

As stated previously, Q-phos shows perhaps the broadest scope for the Buchwald-Hartwig amination.45 Aryl chlorides are efficiently animated by all amine classes. The only coupling which gave poor yields was between ortho substituted aryl chlorides and acyclic secondary aliphatic amines. Typically, reaction temperatures of 70-100 °C are required and base sensitive aryl chlorides can be animated by replacing NaO/-Bu with K3PO4. 

Significantly improved UV light stability is found with polymeric substrates stabilized with bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyl-4) sebacate, an example of hindered-amine class light stabilizers, compared with those stabilized with conventional light stabilizers. Application areas covered include polyolefin fibers, films and molded sections, polyurethane, and styrenics. Synergistic performance with o-hydroxyphenyl benzotriazoles in these polymers is apparent. 

Oxybutynin, a tertiary amine class of antimuscarinic agent. 

Amine class (Q) quaternary ammonium, (3) tertiary, (2) secondary, (1) primary amine. Pu(IV) Stabilized with 0.04-0.1 M NaN02. Amsco 125-82, TDA = branched primary tridecanol.lB" ... 

The simplest members of the amine class are usually volatile enou for direct gas chromatography (GC) analysis. For example, the comparison of simple tertiary amines with the structurally analogous isoalkanes indicates that both the boiling point at atmospheric pressure... 

Selectivity for uranium increases in general from primary to tertiary compounds in the amine class and is highly dependent upon structure in the organophosphorus compounds. It is very dijficult to prevent any ferric iron present from extracting with the uranium in the case of the phosphate solvents. Consequently, it is necessary to remove the ferric iron before extraction, the usual method being to reduce it to ferrous ion by the addition of scrap iron. 

Costabilizers enhancing light stability may be used in combination with a light stabilizer of the sterically hindered amine class (HALS) TINUVIN 123, TINUVIN 144 or TINUVIN 292... 

A large number of antioxidants of organic structure, of the type of amines and phenols, were investigated in [42, 43]. The additives were introduced by powdering the capron in the form of crumbs before spinning of the fiber, as well as into the fused caprolactam before polymerization. The antioxidants beloi ing to the amine class, such as N,N -di-/3 -naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N-phenylcyclohexyl-p-phenylenedi-amine, N,N -diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and phenyl-jS-naphthylamine, preserve the strength of the fiber by 70-95% when it is heated for 2 hr... 

Stability is somewhat improved by addition of small quantities of amines. Class II resins generally give poorer package stability than Class I resins. Primary or secondary amines, which react with formaldehyde, should not be used with Class II resins. Use of monofimctional alcohol as part of the solvent extends the storage stability. It is desirable to utilize the same alcohol that is used to synthesize the MF resin. If a different alcohol is used, imdesirable changes may occur if 1-butanol [71-36-3] is used in the solvent with a methoxymethylmelamine resin, the cure response gradually becomes slower as the proportion of butyl ether increases. 

Although the amine class of primary antioxidants is usually more effective than the phenols, because of their ability to act both as chain terminators and peroxide decomposers, their use is generally limited to those applications where their discoloring characteristic can be tolerated or masked. The amines are perhaps most used in unsaturated polymers containing carbon black [19]. 

The factors that influence uranium extraction have been studied most extensively for amine-sulfate systemsThe effect of amine structure on the extraction of uranium and other metal ions is illustrated in Table XXX.Uranium (IV) is efficiently extracted by primary amines. The efficiency decreases with secondary and tertiary amines. With uranium (Vl) there does not seem to be much correlation between and amine class. With primary, secondary, and tertiary laurylamlnes, conditions given in... 

---