Barriers and Drivers

The barriers can be broadly divided into three categories, knowledge, legal and economic. To break down the knowledge barriers we must start to have school and university chemistry courses underpinned by green 

Lack of global harmonization on regulation/ environmental policy Legislation - cost of end-of-pipe treatment 

Lack of sophisticated accounting practices foeused on individual processes Competition 

Notification processes hinder new product and process development Potential for reducing costs 

Short-term view by industry and investors Less hassle from HSE/Environment Agency 

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Table 10.1 Adoption of greener technologies some barriers and drivers...

Although law implementation is regarded as the major barrier and driver for EDPs in developing countries, comparable performance and cost of EDPs with conventional plastics are other main factors for the wide acceptance of EDPs. 

Some companies are already using substitution as a means of eliminating hazardous chemicals from their businesses, (see Annex I) A variety of reasons exist for why some companies are searching for safer substitutes and these include regulatory drivers (such as the recent Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances), increased public awareness, demands from downstream users or clients, worker protection, liability issues, competitive advantage and company ethics. However, there are also barriers and the development and adoption of safer substitutes is happening only slowly, in a piecemeal fashion and in some sectors not at all. 

As Bugayev gave the nod to the driver, and they rolled off towards the gate, she tried to put that out of her mind and settle back to at least look as if she were enjoying the ride. Trix cast her eyes outside, watching the guards, barriers and crowds slip past her window and tried to think of herself as someone important to the Colonel s investigation as opposed to a suspect. 

R. Hillary, Evaluation of Study Reports on the Barriers, Opportunities and Drivers for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in the Adoption of Environmental Management Systems, UK Department of Trade and Industry, Environment Directorate, London, UK, 1999. 

All too often overhead power cables cross construction sites and are a potential hazard for cranes and mechanical equipment. If the supply cannot be cut off, suspended warning barriers should be positioned on each side and below the level of the cable and drivers warned that they may only pass under with lowered jib. 

In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the need to plan for safe moving traffic on sites. The basic principle is to keep the movements of vehicles and people physically apart — this may require barriers and designated routes on site. Also, pedestrian crossing points will have to be established, with adequate lighting. So plan for safe access to and around the site. How will vehicles be kept clear of pedestrians, especially at site entrances and exits, loading and unloading areas and anywhere where the drivers vision may be restricted ... 

Suitable fencing must be provided around excavations. Barriers and notices must be erected at overhead power lines as required by Guidance Note GS6. Vehicle operating areas and traffic routes must be clearly signed and fenced off where practicable. Stop boards will be fitted to excavations where tipping is to take place. Drivers must ensure loads are placed evenly in vehicles and that the vehicle is not overloaded. Drivers must not remain in or on vehicles being loaded or unloaded. Tipping vehicles will not move with the body raised. 

Movementsof visiting vehicles and plant must be controlled. Barriers and warning signs must be continuously monitored to ensure that they remain intact and in place. All crane operations and crane movements in the vicinity of overhead lines must be supervised continuously. A permit-to-work system may be required for some tasks beneath lines. Written instructions should be issued for briefing drivers of visiting vehicles on the hazards. 

When the group s diagram was completed, we counted the number of arrows from each barrier and the number of arrows to each barrier. A barrier with a lot of arrows pointing out is a driver, influencing other barriers. A barrier with most of the arrows pointing in is a follower and should be positively influenced when we improve the state of the drivers in the systan. 

Holding supervisors as well as drivers accountable for safe performance is another means of ensuring fleet safety. To hold someone accountable, a company must know whether he or she is performing well, so it must measure that person s performance. Without measurement, accountability becomes an empty and meaningless concept. To ensure that accountability is maintained, a company must keep open the lines of communication between management and drivers, and barriers should not be placed between employees and management. 

Never modify or misuse a lift truck. Figure 10-9 identifies a serious misuse of a forklift. An order-picker broke down and the lift truck driver began pushing it. One of the forks went under a metal barrier and struck the operator on the ankle. This resulted in a serious injury. 

Lohse, J., et al. Never Change a Running Process Substitution of Hazardous Chemicals in Products and Processes Definition, Key Drivers and Barriers. Greener Management International. Issue 41,2003... 

Innovation drivers Alternative paint strippers have been developed as a consequence of the chlorine debate . However, neither the detailed requirements related to occupational health and safety (TRGS 612 and 212) nor the lower efficiency (cf (3)) clearly supported the penetration of the market with the alternative paint stripping systems. One barrier may be that the users have to change their work and purchasing procedures to apply the alternatives successfully. By end of the nineties the construction employers liability insurance started, based on the public media, an information campaign about the risks of DCM-containing paint strippers. 

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