Short term view

Short-term view by industry and investors Less hassle from HSE/Environment Agency... 

A Dichotomy between Ownership and Management. The company s shares are listed on stock exchanges, and their performance is scrutinized by the financial community, which has a short-term view. 

Third, the complexity of the environment requires us to take the long-term rather than the short-term view in a component of green research. 

QC and quality assurance programs provide a formal means of monitoring the quality of a service (see Chapter 19). The internal QC program is a relatively short-term view and typically compares the current performance with that of the... 

However, new sustainability issues require R D to be put back at the core of chemical industry. The first element to move in this direction is the development of a longer term vision for the chemical industry, which contrasts the very short term view (few years) planning of several companies and the continuous restructuring of the chemical industry in the last one-two decades. One of the positive signals in this direction is the cited European Technology Platform on Sustainable Chemistry and the related prepared document [6], which plans to define the scenario for R D for the next 20 years. 

The weakness of static retum-on-investment indicators is that they take a short-term view and, since they do not allow for future changes, they favor short-lived investments. Their advantage is that they can easily be determined. 

Investors can also use interest rate swaps for a similar purpose. These contracts exchange fixed-rate cash flows for floating-rate cash flows based on LIBOR/EURIBOR. Investors on the paying (fixed) leg of the swap reduce the duration of their portfolio, while those on the receiving (fixed) leg increase the duration of the portfolio. Since interest rate swaps are extremely liquid contracts, they are an efficient way of expressing a short-term view on interest rates. 

These low power lasers require no control measures to prevent eye damage. Some class 1 lasers incorporate more powerful lasers, but are designated Class I because they are in an enclosure. If the more powerful enclosed laseris accessible, control measures appropriate to the higher class are required. Class II lasers are not considered hazardous for short-term viewing ... 

Systems No-Fault Risk Unacceptable Long-term view felues. Prevention / People Blame Accept Risk Short-term view Priorities. Minimize costs ... 

Since RBI analysis includes corrosion rates for different materials, such data can be used for alloy selection on a risk reduction vs. cost basis. The RBI methodology will assist in selecting materials rationally, rather than merely succumbing to the temptation of minimizing initial construction costs. Such a short-term view obviously does not take future inspection requirements and future materials upgrades into accoimt. 

Summarizing, from a mathematical point of view, both forward and backward analysis lead to the insight that long term trajectory simulation should be avoided even with symplectic discretizations. Rather, in the spirit of multiple as opposed to single shooting (cf. Bulirsch [4, 18]), only short term trajectories should be used to obtain reliable information. 

Moral persuasion has been most effective in times of short-term emergencies, like the energy shortages of the 1970s, but is far less effective in the long-term and for problems not universally viewed as problems. The benefits of such efforts arc the speed, the inexpensiveness of the approach, and the implicit threat behind the effort stop the undesirable activity by choice or society will take direct measures to curtail it. 

Cyclic AMP can be viewed as subserving two major functions in the nervous system. First, cAMP mediates some short-term aspects of synaptic transmission some rapid actions of certain neurotransmitters on ion channels that do not involve ligand-gated channels are mediated through cAMP. 

The principles of IPM are presently being objected in favour of a still more advanced view, somewhat integrating IPM, namely, the pro-active approach seeking to minimize pest outbreaks by avoiding conditions conducive to their growth and dispersal (Chellemi 2000). Lewis et al. (1997) state in fact that the attempted solution becomes the problem. .. application of external corrective actions into a system can be effective only for short term relief... the use of pesticides and other treat-the-symptoms approaches are unsustainable and should be the last rather than the first line of defense. 

One line of evidence that supports the view that encystment is not primarilly a strategy to survive through short-term stress is that sexuality is not induced in laboratory cultures by a variety of adverse conditions but instead seems to occur under the relatively specific conditions of nutrient limitation (29, 30). 

From the point of view of market leader, silicon wafer technology, technical improvements identified in the previous sections, in connection with appropriate factory scale-up and integration, are capable of reducing direct costs as much as shown in Figure 11.5. Wafer costs are expected to decrease by up to 50% in the short term and module costs to become a fraction of the entire cost in the long term. 

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